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Chapter 20: Problem 44

From each of the following pairs of substances, use data in Appendix \(\mathrm{E}\) to choose the one that is the stronger oxidizing agent: (a) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g)\) or \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q)\) or \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\) or \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{3}(g)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The stronger oxidizing agents for each pair are as follows: (a) Cl₂(g), (b) Cd²⁺(aq), (c) ClO₃⁻(aq), and (d) O₃(g).

Step by step solution

01

Look up Standard Reduction Potential values

From the given Appendix E, find the standard reduction potential values for each substance in the pairs provided. 3. Repeat this process for all pairs Once you've found the stronger oxidizing agent in each pair, repeat the process for all four pairs of substances.
02

Solution

03

(a) Cl₂(g) or Br₂(l)

Look up the values in Appendix E Standard reduction potential for Cl₂(g): \(+1.36 \ \mathrm{V}\) Standard reduction potential for Br₂(l): \(+1.07 \ \mathrm{V}\) Since Cl₂(g) has a higher reduction potential, it is the stronger oxidizing agent.
04

(b) Zn²⁺(aq) or Cd²⁺(aq)

Look up the values in Appendix E Standard reduction potential for Zn²⁺(aq): \(-0.76 \ \mathrm{V}\) Standard reduction potential for Cd²⁺(aq): \(-0.40 \ \mathrm{V}\) Since Cd²⁺(aq) has a higher reduction potential, it is the stronger oxidizing agent.
05

(c) Cl⁻(aq) or ClO₃⁻(aq)

Look up the values in Appendix E Standard reduction potential for Cl⁻(aq): \(-1.36 \ \mathrm{V}\) Standard reduction potential for ClO₃⁻(aq): \(+1.47 \ \mathrm{V}\) Since ClO₃⁻(aq) has a higher reduction potential, it is the stronger oxidizing agent.
06

(d) H₂O₂(aq) or O₃(g)

Look up the values in Appendix E Standard reduction potential for H₂O₂(aq): \(+0.68 \ \mathrm{V}\) Standard reduction potential for O₃(g): \(+2.07 \ \mathrm{V}\) Since O₃(g) has a higher reduction potential, it is the stronger oxidizing agent.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The capacity of batteries such as the typical AA alkaline battery is expressed in units of milliamp-hours (mAh). An AA alkaline battery yields a nominal capacity of \(2850 \mathrm{mAh}\). (a) What quantity of interest to the consumer is being expressed by the units of \(\mathrm{mAh} ?\) (b) The starting voltage of a fresh alkaline battery is \(1.55 \mathrm{~V}\). The voltage decreases during discharge and is \(0.80 \mathrm{~V}\) when the battery has delivered its rated capacity. If we assume that the voltage declines linearly as current is withdrawn, estimate the total maximum electrical work the battery could perform during discharge.

During a period of discharge of a lead-acid battery, \(402 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{Pb}\) from the anode is converted into \(\mathrm{PbSO}_{4}(s) .\) (a) What mass of \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2}(s)\) is reduced at the cathode during this same period? (b) How many coulombs of electrical charge are transferred from \(\mathrm{Pb}\) to \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2} ?\)

A cell has a standard cell potential of \(+0.177 \mathrm{~V}\) at \(298 \mathrm{~K}\). What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction (a) if \(n=1 ?(\mathbf{b})\) if \(n=2 ?(\mathbf{c})\) if \(n=3 ?\)

Complete and balance the following half-reactions. In each case indicate whether the half-reaction is an oxidation or a reduction. (a) \(\mathrm{Sn}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Sn}^{4+}(a q)\) (acidic solution) (b) \(\mathrm{TiO}_{2}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ti}^{2+}(a q)\) (acidic solution) (c) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\) (acidic solution) (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)\) (acidic solution) (e) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) (basic solution) (f \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) (basic solution) (g) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)\) (basic solution)

(a) Suggest an explanation for why liquid water is needed in an alkaline battery. (b) What is the advantage of using highly concentrated or solid reactants in a voltaic cell?
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