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Chapter 21: Problem 64

Which type or types of nuclear reactors have these characteristics? (a) Can use natural uranium as a fuel (b) Does not use a moderator (s) Can be refueled without shutting down

Short Answer

Expert verified
The type of nuclear reactor that has the given characteristics - can use natural uranium as fuel, does not use a moderator, and can be refueled without shutting down - is the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR).

Step by step solution

01

Understand different types of nuclear reactors

There are various types of nuclear reactors, but some common reactor designs include: 1. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 2. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) 3. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) or CANDU 4. Gas-cooled Reactor (GCR) 5. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) 6. Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
02

Identify reactors that can use natural uranium as fuel

Natural uranium can only be used as fuel in a few types of reactor designs. These reactors include: 1. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) or CANDU 2. Gas-cooled Reactor (GCR) 3. Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
03

Identify reactors that do not use a moderator

A moderator is a component in a nuclear reactor that slows down neutrons, thereby increasing the probability of nuclear reactions. A reactor without moderators is called a fast reactor. The reactors that do not use a moderator include: 1. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) 2. Some designs of Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs)
04

Identify reactors that can be refueled without shutting down

Only some reactor designs allow continuous fueling or online refueling. These reactors include: 1. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) or CANDU 2. Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
05

Combine all constraints to find the suitable types

According to the given characteristics, the suitable reactors are those that: 1. Can use natural uranium as a fuel 2. Do not use a moderator 3. Can be refueled without shutting down Comparing the reactors from Steps 2, 3, and 4, we can see that the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is the only reactor type that matches all the given criteria. Thus, the answer to the exercise is: Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A wooden artifact from a Chinese temple has a \({ }^{14} \mathrm{C}\) activity of 38.0 counts per minute as compared with an activity of 58.2 counts per minute for a standard of zero age. From the halflife for \({ }^{14} \mathrm{C}\) decay, \(5715 \mathrm{yr}\), determine the age of the artifact.

Cobalt- 60 is a strong gamma emitter that has a half-life of 5.26 yr. The cobalt- 60 in a radiotherapy unit must be replaced when its radioactivity falls to \(75 \%\) of the original sample. If an original sample was purchased in June 2010 , when will it be necessary to replace the cobalt- \(60 ?\)

One nuclide in each of these pairs is radioactive. Predict which is radioactive and which is stable: (a) \({ }_{20}^{40} \mathrm{Ca}\) and \({ }_{20}^{45} \mathrm{Ca},(\mathbf{b}){ }^{12} \mathrm{C}\) and \({ }^{14} \mathrm{C},(\mathrm{c})\) lead- 206 and thorium- \(230 .\) Explain your choice in each case.

Write balanced nuclear equations for the following transformations: (a) bismuth- 213 undergoes alpha decay; (b) nitrogen-13 undergoes electron capture; (c) technicium-98 undergoes electron capture; (d) gold-188 decays by positron emission.

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (a) \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \longrightarrow ?+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) (b) \({ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{e}\) (orbital electron) \(\longrightarrow\) (c) ? \(+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \longrightarrow{ }_{14}^{30} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) (d) \({ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+2{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{27}^{60} \mathrm{Co}+?\) (e) \({ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{54}^{135} \mathrm{Xe}+2{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+?\)
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