Chapter 21: Problem 9
Give the symbol for (a) a neutron, (b) an alpha particle, (c) gamma radiation.
Chapter 21: Problem 9
Give the symbol for (a) a neutron, (b) an alpha particle, (c) gamma radiation.
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Get started for freeEach of the following nuclei undergoes either beta decay or positron emission. Predict the type of emission for each: (a) tritium, \({ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H},(\mathbf{b}){ }_{38}^{89} \mathrm{Sr}\), (c) iodine-120, (d) silver-102.
A \(25.0-\mathrm{mL}\) sample of \(0.050 \mathrm{M}\) barium nitrate solution was mixed with \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.050 \mathrm{M}\) sodium sulfate solution labeled with radioactive sulfur-35. The activity of the initial sodium sulfate solution was \(1.22 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~Bq} / \mathrm{mL}\). After the resultant precipitate was removed by filtration, the remaining filtrate was found to have an activity of \(250 \mathrm{~Bq} / \mathrm{mL}\). (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. (b) Calculate the \(K_{s p}\) for the precipitate under the conditions of the experiment.
Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (a) \({ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \longrightarrow ?+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) (b) \({ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{e}\) (orbital electron) \(\longrightarrow\) (c) ? \(+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \longrightarrow{ }_{14}^{30} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}\) (d) \({ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+2{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{27}^{60} \mathrm{Co}+?\) (e) \({ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \longrightarrow{ }_{54}^{135} \mathrm{Xe}+2{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}+?\)
Hydroxyl radicals can pluck hydrogen atoms from molecules ("hydrogen abstraction"), and hydroxide ions can pluck protons from molecules ("deprotonation"). Write the reaction equations and Lewis dot structures for the hydrogen abstraction and deprotonation reactions for the generic carboxylic acid \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{COOH}\) with hydroxyl radical and hydroxide ion, respectively. Why is hydroxyl radical more toxic to living systems than hydroxide ion?
Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of \(1.27 \times 10^{9}\) yr. What is the age of a rock in which the mass ratio of \({ }^{40} \mathrm{Ar}\) to \({ }^{40} \mathrm{~K}\) is \(4.2 ?\)
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