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Chapter 22: Problem 26

Write balanced equations for each of the following reactions (some of these are analogous to reactions shown in the chapter). (a) Aluminum metal reacts with acids to form hydrogen gas. (b) Steam reacts with magnesium metal to give magnesium oxide and hydrogen. (c) Manganese(IV) oxide is reduced to manganese(II) oxide by hydrogen gas. (d) Calcium hydride reacts with water to generate hydrogen gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ (b) H₂O + Mg → MgO + H₂ (c) MnO₂ + 2H₂ → MnO + 2H₂O (d) CaH₂ + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + 2H₂

Step by step solution

01

(1. Aluminum metal reacts with acids to form hydrogen gas)

We'll first write the word equation, which is: Aluminum + Acid → Aluminum salt + Hydrogen gas The general equation is: Al + HX → AlX + H₂ Let's balance the equation (taking an example of Hydrochloric acid): 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ Here, the balanced equation consists of 2 moles of aluminum reacting with 6 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce 2 moles of aluminum chloride and 3 moles of hydrogen gas.
02

(2. Steam reacts with magnesium metal to give magnesium oxide and hydrogen)

The word equation is: Steam + Magnesium → Magnesium oxide + Hydrogen gas The general equation is: H₂O + Mg → MgO + H₂ Now, let's balance the equation: H₂O + Mg → MgO + H₂ There's no need to adjust the coefficients because the equation is already balanced.
03

(3. Manganese(IV) oxide is reduced to manganese(II) oxide by hydrogen gas)

The word equation is: Manganese (IV) oxide + Hydrogen gas → Manganese (II) oxide + Water The general equation is: MnO₂ + H₂ → MnO + H₂O Now, let's balance the equation: MnO₂ + 2H₂ → MnO + 2H₂O The balanced equation consists of 1 mole of manganese(IV) oxide reacting with 2 moles of hydrogen gas to produce 1 mole of manganese(II) oxide and 2 moles of water.
04

(4. Calcium hydride reacts with water to generate hydrogen gas)

The word equation is: Calcium hydride + Water → Calcium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas The general equation is: CaH₂ + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂ Now, let's balance the equation: CaH₂ + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + 2H₂ The balanced equation consists of 1 mole of calcium hydride reacting with 2 moles of water, producing 1 mole of calcium hydroxide and 2 moles of hydrogen gas.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) reduces (a) aqueous \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) to \(\mathrm{MnSO}_{4}(a q),(\mathbf{b})\) acidic aqueous \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) to aqueous \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+},(\mathrm{c})\) aqueous \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) to mercury metal. Write balanced equations for these reactions.

(a) Draw the Lewis structures for at least four species that have the general formula $$ [: X=Y:]^{n} $$ where \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) may be the same or different, and \(n\) may have a value from +1 to -2 . (b) Which of the compounds is likely to be the strongest Bronsted base? Explain. [Sections \(22.1,22.7,\) and 22.9\(]\)

Write the Lewis structure for each of the following species, describe its geometry, and indicate the oxidation state of the nitrogen: (a) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{N}_{3}^{-},(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}{ }^{+},(\mathrm{d}) \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\).

Explain why \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) can be used as a reducing agent but \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) cannot.

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Diborane reacts with water to form boric acid and molecular hydrogen. (b) Upon heating, boric acid undergoes a condensation reaction to form tetraboric acid. (c) Boron oxide dissolves in water to give a solution of boric acid.
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