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Chapter 22: Problem 29

Describe two characteristics of hydrogen that are favorable for its use as a general energy source in vehicles.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydrogen has a high energy density of approximately 142 MJ/kg, making it an efficient fuel source for vehicles with better mileage and reduced fuel consumption. Additionally, hydrogen combustion produces no harmful emissions or greenhouse gases, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels with its primary byproduct being pure water.

Step by step solution

01

Characteristic 1: High Energy Density

Hydrogen possesses a high energy density, which refers to the amount of energy it can store per unit of mass. This is advantageous because a smaller amount of hydrogen can store the same amount of energy as compared to other traditional fuel sources such as gasoline or diesel. The energy density of hydrogen is approximately 142 MJ/kg, which is three times higher than gasoline's energy density of 46.4 MJ/kg. This property enables vehicles using hydrogen as a fuel to achieve better mileage with less fuel consumption.
02

Characteristic 2: Environmentally Friendly

The combustion of hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions, which means it is less harmful to the environment as compared to using fossil fuels. The primary byproduct of hydrogen combustion is pure water (H2O), making it a very clean energy source. This characteristic makes hydrogen a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative fuel option for vehicles, helping to reduce the overall impact of transportation activities on the environment and supporting efforts to combat climate change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: (a) phosphorus, (b) strontium, (c) manganese, (d) selenium, (e) sodium, (f) krypton.

Account for the following observations: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) is a diprotic acid. (b) Nitric acid is a strong acid, whereas phosphoric acid is weak. (c) Phosphate rock is ineffective as a phosphate fertilizer. (d) Phosphorus does not exist at room temperature as diatomic molecules, but nitrogen does. (e) Solutions of \(\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) are quite basic.

Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of nitrogen in each: (a) nitric oxide, (b) hydrazine, (c) potassium cyanide, (d) sodium nitrite, (e) ammonium chloride, (f) lithium nitride.

The dissolved oxygen present in any highly pressurized, hightemperature steam boiler can be extremely corrosive to its metal parts. Hydrazine, which is completely miscible with water, can be added to remove oxygen by reacting with it to form nitrogen and water. (a) Write the balanced equation for the reaction between gaseous hydrazine and oxygen. (b) Calculate the enthalpy change accompanying this reaction. (c) Oxygen in air dissolves in water to the extent of \(9.1 \mathrm{ppm}\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at sea level. How many grams of hydrazine are required to react with all the oxygen in \(3.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~L}\) (the volume of a small swimming pool) under these conditions?

The atomic and ionic radii of the first three group \(6 \mathrm{~A}\) elements are (a) Explain why the atomic radius increases in moving downward in the group. (b) Explain why the ionic radii are larger than the atomic radii. (c) Which of the three anions would you expect to be the strongest base in water? Explain. [Sections 22.5 and 22.6\(]\)
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