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Chapter 22: Problem 51

Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of nitrogen in each: (a) sodium nitrite, (b) ammonia, (c) nitrous oxide, (d) sodium cyanide, (e) nitric acid, (f) nitrogen dioxide, (g) nitrogen, (h) boron nitride.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Sodium nitrite: NaNO2, oxidation state of N: +3. (b) Ammonia: NH3, oxidation state of N: -3. (c) Nitrous oxide: N2O, oxidation state of N: +1. (d) Sodium cyanide: NaCN, oxidation state of N: -3. (e) Nitric acid: HNO3, oxidation state of N: +5. (f) Nitrogen dioxide: NO2, oxidation state of N: +4. (g) Nitrogen gas: N2, oxidation state of N: 0. (h) Boron nitride: BN, oxidation state of N: -3.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Sodium Nitrite

To determine the chemical formula for sodium nitrite, we need to know the molecular components. Sodium (Na) is in group 1 in the periodic table, which means it has a charge of +1. Nitrite (NO2) is a polyatomic ion with a charge of -1. To balance these charges, we need one sodium atom and one nitrite ion. The chemical formula for sodium nitrite is NaNO2. The oxidation state of nitrogen in sodium nitrite is +3.
02

(b) Ammonia

Ammonia consists of one nitrogen (N) atom and three hydrogen (H) atoms. The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. The oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia is -3.
03

(c) Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide contains two nitrogen (N) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitrous oxide is +1.
04

(d) Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide is made up of one sodium (Na) atom and one cyanide (CN) ion. The chemical formula for sodium cyanide is NaCN. Because cyanide is a polyatomic ion consisting of one carbon (C) and one nitrogen (N), the oxidation state of nitrogen in sodium cyanide is -3.
05

(e) Nitric Acid

Nitric acid consists of one nitrogen (N) atom, one hydrogen (H) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. The chemical formula for nitric acid is HNO3. The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitric acid is +5.
06

(f) Nitrogen Dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide is composed of one nitrogen (N) atom and two oxygen (O) atoms. The chemical formula for nitrogen dioxide is NO2. The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide is +4.
07

(g) Nitrogen

Nitrogen gas exists as a diatomic molecule, meaning that it is composed of two nitrogen (N) atoms bonded together. The chemical formula for nitrogen gas is N2. The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitrogen gas is 0.
08

(h) Boron Nitride

Boron nitride is a compound made up of one boron (B) atom and one nitrogen (N) atom. The chemical formula for boron nitride is BN. The oxidation state of nitrogen in boron nitride is -3.

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