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Chapter 23: Problem 25

Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the oxidation number of the metal as well as the number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for each of the following complexes: (a) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdCl}_{4}\right]\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2}\left[\mathrm{MoOCl}_{4}\right]\) (c) \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}\) (d) \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{~V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]\) (f) \(\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\right] \mathrm{Br}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Coordination number: 4, Oxidation number of Cd: +2, 4 Cl donor atoms (b) Coordination number: 5, Oxidation number of Mo: +4, 1 O and 4 Cl donor atoms (c) Coordination number: 6, Oxidation number of Co: +3, 4 N (from NH3) and 2 Cl donor atoms (d) Coordination number: 5, Oxidation number of Ni: +2, 5 C (from CN) donor atoms (e) Coordination number: 6, Oxidation number of V: +3, 6 O (from C2O4) donor atoms (f) Coordination number: 4, Oxidation number of Zn: +2, 4 N (from en) donor atoms

Step by step solution

01

Coordination number

The coordination number is the number of ligands (atoms or molecules) directly bonded to the central metal ion. In this complex, Cd is the central metal ion and is surrounded by 4 Cl ligands. So, the coordination number is 4.
02

Oxidation number of the metal

To calculate the oxidation number of the metal (Cd in this case), we can use the equation: oxidation number of metal = charge on the ligands x number of ligands. The charge on each Cl ligand is -1, so the oxidation number of Cd is (-1)(4) = -4. Since the overall complex has a charge of -2, and there are 2 Na ions with a charge of +1 each to balance the charge, the oxidation number of Cd is +2.
03

Number and type of donor atoms

There is only one type of donor atom in this complex, with 4 chlorine atoms (Cl) as ligands. So, there are 4 donor atoms, all of which are Cl. (b) \(\text{K}_{2}\left[\text{MoOCl}_{4}\right]\)
04

Coordination number

In this complex, Mo is the central metal ion and is surrounded by a total of 5 ligands: 1 O and 4 Cl. So, the coordination number is 5.
05

Oxidation number of the metal

The charge on each Cl ligand is -1, and the charge on the O ligand is -2. The oxidation number of Mo is (-1)(4) + (-2)(1) = -6. Since the overall complex has a charge of -2, and there are 2 K ions with a charge of +1 each to balance the charge, the oxidation number of Mo is +4.
06

Number and type of donor atoms

There are two types of donor atoms in this complex: 1 oxygen atom (O) and 4 chlorine atoms (Cl). So, there are 5 donor atoms in total. (c) \(\left[\text{Co}\left(\text{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \text{Cl}_{2}\right]\text{Cl}\)
07

Coordination number

In this complex, Co is the central metal ion and is surrounded by 6 ligands: 4 NH3 and 2 Cl. So, the coordination number is 6.
08

Oxidation number of the metal

The NH3 ligands are neutral with no charge, and the charge on each Cl ligand is -1. The oxidation number of Co is (-1)(2) = -2. Since the overall complex has a charge of +1, the oxidation number of Co is +3.
09

Number and type of donor atoms

There are two types of donor atoms in this complex: 4 nitrogen atoms (from the NH3 ligands) and 2 chlorine atoms (Cl). So, there are 6 donor atoms in total. (d) \(\left[\text{Ni}(\text{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}\)
10

Coordination number

In this complex, Ni is the central metal ion and is surrounded by 5 CN ligands. So, the coordination number is 5.
11

Oxidation number of the metal

The charge on each CN ligand is -1. The oxidation number of Ni is (-1)(5) = -5. Since the overall complex has a charge of -3, the oxidation number of Ni is +2.
12

Number and type of donor atoms

There is only one type of donor atom in this complex, with 5 carbon atoms (from the CN ligands) acting as donor atoms. So, there are 5 donor atoms. (e) \(\text{K}_{3}\left[\text{V}\left(\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]\)
13

Coordination number

In this complex, V is the central metal ion and is surrounded by 3 C2O4 ligands. So, the coordination number is 6 (as each C2O4 ligand has two donor atoms).
14

Oxidation number of the metal

The charge on each C2O4 ligand is -2. The oxidation number of V is (-2)(3) = -6. Since the overall complex has a charge of -3, and there are 3 K ions with a charge of +1 each to balance the charge, the oxidation number of V is +3.
15

Number and type of donor atoms

There is only one type of donor atom in this complex: 6 oxygen atoms (from the C2O4 ligands). So, there are 6 donor atoms in total. (f) \(\left[\text{Zn}(\text{en})_{2}\right] \text{Br}_{2}\)
16

Coordination number

In this complex, Zn is the central metal ion and is surrounded by 2 en ligands. So, the coordination number is 4 (as each en ligand has two donor atoms).
17

Oxidation number of the metal

The en ligands are neutral with no charge. The oxidation number of Zn is 0. Since the overall complex has a neutral charge, the oxidation number of Zn is +2.
18

Number and type of donor atoms

There is only one type of donor atom in this complex: 4 nitrogen atoms (from the en ligands). So, there are 4 donor atoms in total.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) What is the meaning of the term coordination number as it applies to metal complexes? (b) Give an example of a ligand that is neutral and one that is negatively charged. (c) Would you expect ligands that are positively charged to be common? Explain. (d) What type of chemical bonding is characteristic of coordination compounds? Illustrate with the compound \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\) (e) What are the most common coordination numbers for metal complexes?

A manganese complex formed from a solution containing potassium bromide and oxalate ion is purified and analyzed. It contains \(10.0 \% \mathrm{Mn}, 28.6 \%\) potassium, \(8.8 \%\) carbon, and \(29.2 \%\) bromine by mass. The remainder of the compound is oxygen. An aqueous solution of the complex has about the same electrical conductivity as an equimolar solution of \(\mathrm{K}_{4}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right] .\) Write the formula of the compound, using brackets to denote the manganese and its coordination sphere.

Sketch a plot of atomic radius versus number of valence \(d\) electrons for the period 5 transition metals, and explain the trend.

(a) A compound with formula \(\mathrm{RuCl}_{3} \cdot 5 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is dissolved in water, forming a solution that is approximately the same color as the solid. Immediately after forming the solution, the addition of excess \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)\) forms \(2 \mathrm{~mol}\) of solid \(\mathrm{AgCl}\) per mole of complex. Write the formula for the compound, showing which ligands are likely to be present in the coordination sphere. (b) After a solution of \(\mathrm{RuCl}_{3} \cdot 5 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) has stood for about a year, addition of \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)\) precipitates \(3 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\) per mole of complex. What has happened in the ensuing time?

Distinguish among a ferromagnetic substance, an antiferromagnetic substance, and a ferrimagnetic substance.
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