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Chapter 24: Problem 24

Give the molecular formula of a cyclic alkane, a cyclic alkene, a linear alkyne, and an aromatic hydrocarbon that in each case contains six carbon atoms. Which are saturated and which are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molecular formulas for the four types of hydrocarbons with six carbon atoms are: - Cyclic Alkane: C₆H₁₂ (Saturated) - Cyclic Alkene: C₆H₁₀ (Unsaturated) - Linear Alkyne: C₆H₁₀ (Unsaturated) - Aromatic Hydrocarbon: C₆H₆ (Unsaturated)

Step by step solution

01

Determine the molecular formula for a cyclic alkane

A cyclic alkane is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected in a ring structure with single bonds. Based on the general formula for alkanes (C_nH_2n+2), a cyclic alkane has six carbons and follows the formula C_nH_2n. Therefore, a cyclic alkane with six carbon atoms will have the molecular formula C₆H₁₂.
02

Determine the molecular formula for a cyclic alkene

A cyclic alkene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected in a ring structure with one double bond. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n, making a cyclic alkene with six carbons have the molecular formula C₆H₁₀.
03

Determine the molecular formula for a linear alkyne

A linear alkyne is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected in a straight chain with at least one triple bond. The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2. Therefore, a linear alkyne with six carbon atoms will have the molecular formula C₆H₁₀.
04

Determine the molecular formula for an aromatic hydrocarbon

An aromatic hydrocarbon consists of a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds. The most common example of an aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, which contains six carbon atoms. Thus, the molecular formula for an aromatic hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms is C₆H₆.
05

Classify the hydrocarbons as saturated or unsaturated

Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms and are mostly found in alkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms and are mostly found in alkenes and alkynes. - Cyclic Alkane (C₆H₁₂): Saturated - Cyclic Alkene (C₆H₁₀): Unsaturated - Linear Alkyne (C₆H₁₀): Unsaturated - Aromatic Hydrocarbon (C₆H₆): Unsaturated

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A typical amino acid with one amino group and one carboxylic acid group, such as serine (Figure 24.18 ), can exist in water in several ionic forms. (a) Suggest the forms of the amino acid at low \(\mathrm{pH}\) and at high \(\mathrm{pH}\). (b) Amino acids generally have two \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values, one in the range of 2 to 3 and the other in the range of 9 to \(10 .\) Serine, for example, has \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values of 2.19 and \(9.21 .\) Using species such as acetic acid and ammonia as models, suggest the origin of the two \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values. (c) Glutamic acid is an amino acid that has three \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) 's: 2.10 , 4.07, and 9.47. Draw the structure of glutamic acid, and assign each \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) to the appropriate part of the molecule.

Why is geometric isomerism possible for alkenes but not for alkanes and alkynes?

Give the structural formula for (a) an aldehyde that is an isomer of acetone, (b) an ether that is an isomer of 1 -propanol.

Draw the condensed structural formulas for two different molecules with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}\).

Draw all structural and geometric isomers of butene and name them.
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