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Chapter 24: Problem 30

Name or write the condensed structural formula for the following compounds: (a) 4 -methyl-2-pentene (b) cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene (c) ortho-dimethylbenzene (d) \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (e) trans-CH \(_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(CH_3CH=C(CH_3)CH_2CH_3\) (b) \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CH=C(CH_3)CH_2CH_3\) (c) \(\mathrm{C_6H_4}(CH_3)_2\) (d) 2-propyn-1-ol (e) trans-2-hexene

Step by step solution

01

(a) 4-methyl-2-pentene

First, understand the name of the compound: - "Pentene" means there's a five-carbon chain with a double bond (alkene). - The double bond is at the second carbon (2-pentene). - There's a methyl group (an extra carbon) attached to the fourth carbon (4-methyl). Now we can write the condensed structural formula: \(CH_3CH=C(CH_3)CH_2CH_3\)
02

(b) cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene

First, understand the name of the compound: - "Hexene" means there's a six-carbon chain with a double bond (alkene). - The double bond is at the third carbon (3-hexene). - There are methyl groups (extra carbons) attached to the second and fifth carbons (2,5-dimethyl). - "cis" means the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond. Now we can write the condensed structural formula: \(CH_3CH(CH_3)CH=C(CH_3)CH_2CH_3\)
03

(c) ortho-dimethylbenzene

First, understand the name of the compound: - "Benzene" means there's a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds. - "ortho" means the two methyl groups are adjacent on the benzene ring. - "dimethyl" means there are two methyl groups attached to the benzene ring. Now we can write the condensed structural formula: \(\mathrm{C_6H_4}(CH_3)_2\)
04

(d) \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

For this compound, we already have the condensed structural formula. We just need to name it accordingly. First, understand the structure: - There is a triple bond between the first and second carbons (alkyne). - There's a three-carbon chain (propyl) after the triple bond. Now we can write the name of the compound: 2-propyn-1-ol
05

(e) trans-CH \(_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

For this compound, we have the condensed structural formula. We need to name it accordingly. First, understand the structure: - There is a double bond between the second and third carbons (alkene). - There's a six-carbon chain in total (hexene). - "trans" means the two hydrogens attached to the carbon with a double bond are on opposite sides of the double bond. Now we can write the name of the compound: trans-2-hexene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Draw the condensed structure of the tripeptide Gly-GlyHis. (b) How many different tripeptides can be made from the amino acids glycine and histidine? Give the abbreviations for each of these tripeptides, using the three-letter and one-letter codes for the amino acids.

(a) Describe the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins. (b) Quaternary structures of proteins arise if two or more smaller polypeptides or proteins associate with each other to make an overall much larger protein structure. The association is due to the same hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and dispersion forces we have seen before. Hemoglobin, the protein used to transport oxygen molecules in our blood, is an example of a protein that has quaternary structure. Hemoglobin is a tetramer; it is made of four smaller polypeptides, two "alphas" and two "betas." (These names do not imply anything about the number of alpha-helices or beta sheets in the individual polypeptides.) What kind of experiments would provide sound evidence that hemoglobin exists as a tetramer and not as one enormous polypeptide chain? You may need to look into the chemical literature to discover techniques that chemists and biochemists use to make these decisions.

Give the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing five carbon atoms that is (a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne. Which are saturated and which are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Imagine a single DNA strand containing a section with the following base sequence: \(5^{\prime}\) -GCATTGGC-3'. What is the base sequence of the complementary strand? (The two strands of DNA will come together in an antiparallel fashion; that is, \(5^{\prime}-\mathrm{TAG}-3^{\prime}\) will bind to \(3^{\prime}-\) ATC-5'.)

Give the name or condensed structural formula, appropriate: (a) CCCCC(C)CC(C)C (b) 2,2 -dimethylpentane (c) 4 -ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane (d) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)
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