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Chapter 3: Problem 11

Balance the following equations: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CCl}_{4}(l)+\mathrm{HCl}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}_{4} \mathrm{C}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (f) \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (g) \(\mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4}(a q)+\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(CO(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g)\) (b) \(N_2O_5(g) + H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2 HNO_3(aq)\) (c) \(CH_4(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow CCl_4(l) + 4 HCl(g)\) (d) \(Al_4C_3(s) + 12 H_2O(l) \rightarrow 4 Al(OH)_3(s) + 3 CH_4(g)\) (e) \(C_5H_{10}O_2(l) + 7 O_2(g) \rightarrow 5 CO_2(g) + 5 H_2O(g)\) (f) \(2 Fe(OH)_3(s) + 3 H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Fe_2(SO_4)_3(aq) + 6 H_2O(l)\) (g) \(Mg_3N_2(s) + 6 H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 3 MgSO_4(aq) + 2 (NH_4)_2SO_4(aq)\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C) and oxygen atoms (O).
02

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 C and 2 O. On the right side, there is 1 C and 2 O.
03

Balance the equation

The equation is already balanced as there are equal numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms on both sides. (b) Balancing N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq)
04

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are nitrogen atoms (N), oxygen atoms (O), and hydrogen atoms (H).
05

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 2 N, 5 O, and 2 H. On the right side, there is 1 N, 3 O, and 1 H.
06

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of HNO3 on the right side: N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) Now the equation is balanced: 2 N, 5 O, and 2 H on both sides. (c) Balancing CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + HCl(g)
07

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and chlorine atoms (Cl).
08

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 C, 4 H, and 2 Cl. On the right side, there is 1 C, 1 H, and 5 Cl.
09

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 4 moles of HCl on the right side: CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + 4 HCl(g) Now the equation is balanced: 1 C, 4 H, and 6 Cl on both sides. (d) Balancing Al4C3(s) + H2O(l) → Al(OH)3(s) + CH4(g)
10

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are aluminum atoms (Al), carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and oxygen atoms (O).
11

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 4 Al, 3 C, and 2 H. On the right side, there is 1 Al, 1 C, 4 H, and 3 O.
12

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 4 moles of Al(OH)3 and 3 moles of CH4 on the right side, and 12 moles of H2O on the left side: Al4C3(s) + 12 H2O(l) → 4 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 CH4(g) Now the equation is balanced: 4 Al, 3 C, 24 H, and 12 O on both sides. (e) Balancing C5H10O2(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
13

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and oxygen atoms (O).
14

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 5 C, 10 H, and 4 O. On the right side, there is 1 C, 2 H, and 3 O.
15

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 5 moles of CO2 and 5 moles of H2O on the right side, and 7 moles of O2 on the left side: C5H10O2(l) + 7 O2(g) → 5 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(g) Now the equation is balanced: 5 C, 10 H, and 14 O on both sides. (f) Balancing Fe(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
16

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are iron atoms (Fe), hydrogen atoms (H), oxygen atoms (O), and sulfur atoms (S).
17

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 Fe, 3 S, 5 O, and 6 H. On the right side, there are 2 Fe, 3 S, 15 O, and 2 H.
18

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of Fe(OH)3 and 3 moles of H2SO4 on the left side, and 6 moles of H2O on the right side: 2 Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 H2O(l) Now the equation is balanced: 2 Fe, 3 S, 18 O, and 12 H on both sides. (g) Balancing Mg3N2(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)
19

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are magnesium atoms (Mg), nitrogen atoms (N), hydrogen atoms (H), sulfur atoms (S), and oxygen atoms (O).
20

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 3 Mg, 2 N, 2 H, 1 S, and 4 O. On the right side, there is 1 Mg, 2 N, 8 H, 2 S, and 8 O.
21

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 3 moles of MgSO4 on the right side, and 6 moles of H2SO4 on the left side: Mg3N2(s) + 6 H2SO4(aq) → 3 MgSO4(aq) + 2 (NH4)2SO4(aq) Now the equation is balanced: 3 Mg, 2 N, 12 H, 6 S, and 24 O on both sides.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid as follows: $$ 2 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}(a q)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$ Which is the limiting reactant when \(0.500 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\) and \(0.500 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) are allowed to react? How many moles of \(\mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}\) can form under these conditions? How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?

Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The lethal dose is approximately \(300 \mathrm{mg}\) HCN per kilogram of air when inhaled. (a) Calculate the amount of HCN that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring \(12 \times 15 \times 8.0 \mathrm{ft}\). The density of air at \(26^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(0.00118 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). (b) If the \(\mathrm{HCN}\) is formed by reaction of \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) with an acid such as \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), what mass of \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) gives the lethal dose in the room? \(2 \mathrm{NaCN}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{HCN}(g)\) (c) HCN forms when synthetic fibers containing Orlon \(^{\oplus}\) or Acrilan \(^{\otimes}\) burn. Acrilan \(^{\oplus}\) has an empirical formula of \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHCN},\) so \(\mathrm{HCN}\) is \(50.9 \%\) of the formula by mass. \(\mathrm{A}\) rug measures \(12 \times 15 \mathrm{ft}\) and contains 30 oz of Acrilan \(^{\otimes}\) fibers per square yard of carpet. If the rug burns, will a lethal dose of HCN be generated in the room? Assume that the yield of HCN from the fibers is \(20 \%\) and that the carpet is \(50 \%\) consumed.

A chemical plant uses electrical energy to decompose aqueous solutions of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) to give \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{2}\), and \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) : $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow & \\ & 2 \mathrm{NaOH}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \end{aligned} $$ If the plant produces \(1.5 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~kg}(1500\) metric tons \()\) of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) daily, estimate the quantities of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) produced.

Without doing any detailed calculations (but using a periodic table to give atomic weights), rank the following samples in order of increasing number of atoms: \(0.50 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), \(23 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Na}, 6.0 \times 10^{23} \mathrm{~N}_{2}\) molecules.

Serotonin is a compound that conducts nerve impulses in the brain. It contains 68.2 mass percent C, 6.86 mass percent \(\mathrm{H}\), 15.9 mass percent \(\mathrm{N},\) and 9.08 mass percent \(\mathrm{O}\). Its molar mass is \(176 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Determine its molecular formula.
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