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Chapter 3: Problem 11

Balance the following equations: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CCl}_{4}(l)+\mathrm{HCl}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}_{4} \mathrm{C}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (f) \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (g) \(\mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow\) \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4}(a q)+\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(CO(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g)\) (b) \(N_2O_5(g) + H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2 HNO_3(aq)\) (c) \(CH_4(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow CCl_4(l) + 4 HCl(g)\) (d) \(Al_4C_3(s) + 12 H_2O(l) \rightarrow 4 Al(OH)_3(s) + 3 CH_4(g)\) (e) \(C_5H_{10}O_2(l) + 7 O_2(g) \rightarrow 5 CO_2(g) + 5 H_2O(g)\) (f) \(2 Fe(OH)_3(s) + 3 H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Fe_2(SO_4)_3(aq) + 6 H_2O(l)\) (g) \(Mg_3N_2(s) + 6 H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 3 MgSO_4(aq) + 2 (NH_4)_2SO_4(aq)\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C) and oxygen atoms (O).
02

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 C and 2 O. On the right side, there is 1 C and 2 O.
03

Balance the equation

The equation is already balanced as there are equal numbers of carbon and oxygen atoms on both sides. (b) Balancing N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq)
04

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are nitrogen atoms (N), oxygen atoms (O), and hydrogen atoms (H).
05

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 2 N, 5 O, and 2 H. On the right side, there is 1 N, 3 O, and 1 H.
06

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of HNO3 on the right side: N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) Now the equation is balanced: 2 N, 5 O, and 2 H on both sides. (c) Balancing CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + HCl(g)
07

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and chlorine atoms (Cl).
08

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 C, 4 H, and 2 Cl. On the right side, there is 1 C, 1 H, and 5 Cl.
09

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 4 moles of HCl on the right side: CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + 4 HCl(g) Now the equation is balanced: 1 C, 4 H, and 6 Cl on both sides. (d) Balancing Al4C3(s) + H2O(l) → Al(OH)3(s) + CH4(g)
10

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are aluminum atoms (Al), carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and oxygen atoms (O).
11

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 4 Al, 3 C, and 2 H. On the right side, there is 1 Al, 1 C, 4 H, and 3 O.
12

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 4 moles of Al(OH)3 and 3 moles of CH4 on the right side, and 12 moles of H2O on the left side: Al4C3(s) + 12 H2O(l) → 4 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 CH4(g) Now the equation is balanced: 4 Al, 3 C, 24 H, and 12 O on both sides. (e) Balancing C5H10O2(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
13

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are carbon atoms (C), hydrogen atoms (H), and oxygen atoms (O).
14

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 5 C, 10 H, and 4 O. On the right side, there is 1 C, 2 H, and 3 O.
15

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 5 moles of CO2 and 5 moles of H2O on the right side, and 7 moles of O2 on the left side: C5H10O2(l) + 7 O2(g) → 5 CO2(g) + 5 H2O(g) Now the equation is balanced: 5 C, 10 H, and 14 O on both sides. (f) Balancing Fe(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + H2O(l)
16

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are iron atoms (Fe), hydrogen atoms (H), oxygen atoms (O), and sulfur atoms (S).
17

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there is 1 Fe, 3 S, 5 O, and 6 H. On the right side, there are 2 Fe, 3 S, 15 O, and 2 H.
18

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of Fe(OH)3 and 3 moles of H2SO4 on the left side, and 6 moles of H2O on the right side: 2 Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 H2O(l) Now the equation is balanced: 2 Fe, 3 S, 18 O, and 12 H on both sides. (g) Balancing Mg3N2(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)
19

Identify the atoms

In this equation, there are magnesium atoms (Mg), nitrogen atoms (N), hydrogen atoms (H), sulfur atoms (S), and oxygen atoms (O).
20

Count the atoms on both sides

On the left side, there are 3 Mg, 2 N, 2 H, 1 S, and 4 O. On the right side, there is 1 Mg, 2 N, 8 H, 2 S, and 8 O.
21

Balance the equation

To balance the equation, we need 3 moles of MgSO4 on the right side, and 6 moles of H2SO4 on the left side: Mg3N2(s) + 6 H2SO4(aq) → 3 MgSO4(aq) + 2 (NH4)2SO4(aq) Now the equation is balanced: 3 Mg, 2 N, 12 H, 6 S, and 24 O on both sides.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write balanced chemical equations to correspond to each of the following descriptions: (a) Solid calcium carbide, \(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\), reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide and acetylene gas, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\). (b) When solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. (c) Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate. (d) When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form aqueous phosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}(a q),\) and aqueous hydrochloric acid. (e) When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resultant reaction produces solid iron(III) sulfide and gaseous water.

Serotonin is a compound that conducts nerve impulses in the brain. It contains 68.2 mass percent C, 6.86 mass percent \(\mathrm{H}\), 15.9 mass percent \(\mathrm{N},\) and 9.08 mass percent \(\mathrm{O}\). Its molar mass is \(176 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Determine its molecular formula.

At least \(25 \mu \mathrm{g}\) of tetrahydrocannabinol \((\mathrm{THC}),\) the active ingredient in marijuana, is required to produce intoxication. The molecular formula of \(\mathrm{THC}\) is \(\mathrm{C}_{21} \mathrm{H}_{30} \mathrm{O}_{2}\). How many moles of THC does this 25 \mug represent? How many molecules? (b) Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, contains \(49.5 \% \mathrm{C}\), \(5.15 \% \mathrm{H}, 28.9 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(16.5 \% \mathrm{O}\) by mass and has a molar mass of \(195 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). (c) Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer in certain foods, contains \(35.51 \% \mathrm{C}, 4.77 \% \mathrm{H}, 37.85 \% \mathrm{O},\) \(8.29 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(13.60 \% \mathrm{Na},\) and has a molar mass of \(169 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\)

Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of each of the following substances: (a) Styrene, a compound substance used to make Styrofoam \(^{\circledast}\) cups and insulation, contains \(92.3 \% \mathrm{C}\) and \(7.7 \% \mathrm{H}\) by mass and has a molar mass of \(104 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (b) Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, contains \(49.5 \% \mathrm{C}\), \(5.15 \% \mathrm{H}, 28.9 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(16.5 \% \mathrm{O}\) by mass and has a molar mass of \(195 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (c) Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer in certain foods, contains \(35.51 \%\) C, \(4.77 \%\) H, \(37.85 \%\) O, \(8.29 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(13.60 \% \mathrm{Na},\) and has a molar mass of \(169 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\)

(a) What is the mass, in grams, of a mole of \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?\) (b) How many carbon atoms are present in a mole of \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?\)
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