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Chapter 3: Problem 18

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when (a) calcium metal undergoes a combination reaction with \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) ;\) (b) copper(II) hydroxide decomposes into copper(II) oxide and water when heated; (c) heptane, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}(l),\) burns in air; (d) methyl tert-butyl ether, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}(l)\) burns in air.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 2Ca + O₂ → 2CaO (b) Cu(OH)₂ → CuO + H₂O (c) C₇H₁₆ + 11O₂ → 7CO₂ + 8H₂O (d) C₅H₁₂O + 6O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O

Step by step solution

01

Reaction (a): Calcium metal and oxygen gas.

In this reaction, calcium metal (Ca) reacts with oxygen gas (O₂) to form calcium oxide (CaO). The unbalanced equation is: Ca + O₂ → CaO To balance the equation, we need to have 2 oxygen atoms on both sides. We can achieve this by placing a 2 in front of CaO: Ca + O₂ → 2CaO The balanced equation for this reaction is: 2Ca + O₂ → 2CaO
02

Reaction (b): Decomposition of copper(II) hydroxide.

Copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂) decomposes upon heating to produce copper(II) oxide (CuO) and water (H₂O). The unbalanced equation is: Cu(OH)₂ → CuO + H₂O Balancing the equation, we realize that the number of atoms for each element is already equal on both sides. Therefore, the balanced equation for this reaction is: Cu(OH)₂ → CuO + H₂O
03

Reaction (c): Combustion of heptane.

Heptane (C₇H₁₆) reacts with oxygen gas (O₂) when burned in air to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). The unbalanced equation is: C₇H₁₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O To balance the equation, first balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms: C₇H₁₆ + O₂ → 7CO₂ + 8H₂O Finally, balance the oxygen atoms by placing a 11 in front of O₂: C₇H₁₆ + 11O₂ → 7CO₂ + 8H₂O The balanced equation for this reaction is: C₇H₁₆ + 11O₂ → 7CO₂ + 8H₂O
04

Reaction (d): Combustion of methyl tert-butyl ether.

Methyl tert-butyl ether (C₅H₁₂O) reacts with oxygen gas (O₂) when burned in air to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). The unbalanced equation is: C₅H₁₂O + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O To balance the equation, first balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms: C₅H₁₂O + O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O Finally, balance the oxygen atoms by placing a 6 in front of O₂: C₅H₁₂O + 6O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O The balanced equation for this reaction is: C₅H₁₂O + 6O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What parts of balanced chemical equations give information about the relative numbers of moles of reactants and products involved in a reaction?

Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The lethal dose is approximately \(300 \mathrm{mg}\) HCN per kilogram of air when inhaled. (a) Calculate the amount of HCN that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring \(12 \times 15 \times 8.0 \mathrm{ft}\). The density of air at \(26^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(0.00118 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). (b) If the \(\mathrm{HCN}\) is formed by reaction of \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) with an acid such as \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), what mass of \(\mathrm{NaCN}\) gives the lethal dose in the room? \(2 \mathrm{NaCN}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+2 \mathrm{HCN}(g)\) (c) HCN forms when synthetic fibers containing Orlon \(^{\oplus}\) or Acrilan \(^{\otimes}\) burn. Acrilan \(^{\oplus}\) has an empirical formula of \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHCN},\) so \(\mathrm{HCN}\) is \(50.9 \%\) of the formula by mass. \(\mathrm{A}\) rug measures \(12 \times 15 \mathrm{ft}\) and contains 30 oz of Acrilan \(^{\otimes}\) fibers per square yard of carpet. If the rug burns, will a lethal dose of HCN be generated in the room? Assume that the yield of HCN from the fibers is \(20 \%\) and that the carpet is \(50 \%\) consumed.

Aluminum sulfide reacts with water to form aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (b) How many grams of aluminum hydroxide are obtained from \(14.2 \mathrm{~g}\) of aluminum sulfide?

(a) Determine the chemical formula of the product formed when the metallic element aluminum combines with the nonmetallic element bromine, \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\). Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) What products form when a compound containing \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) is completely combusted in air? Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetone, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}(l),\) in air.

At least \(25 \mu \mathrm{g}\) of tetrahydrocannabinol \((\mathrm{THC}),\) the active ingredient in marijuana, is required to produce intoxication. The molecular formula of \(\mathrm{THC}\) is \(\mathrm{C}_{21} \mathrm{H}_{30} \mathrm{O}_{2}\). How many moles of THC does this 25 \mug represent? How many molecules? (b) Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, contains \(49.5 \% \mathrm{C}\), \(5.15 \% \mathrm{H}, 28.9 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(16.5 \% \mathrm{O}\) by mass and has a molar mass of \(195 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). (c) Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer in certain foods, contains \(35.51 \% \mathrm{C}, 4.77 \% \mathrm{H}, 37.85 \% \mathrm{O},\) \(8.29 \% \mathrm{~N},\) and \(13.60 \% \mathrm{Na},\) and has a molar mass of \(169 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\)
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