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Chapter 4: Problem 15

Specify what ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (a) \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}\), (b) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), (c) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Upon dissolving the given substances in water, the following ions are present in the solutions: (a) \( \mathrm{ZnCl}_{2} \): Zinc (II) ions (\(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\)) and chloride ions (\(\mathrm{Cl}^-\)) (b) \( \mathrm{HNO}_{3} \): Hydrogen (proton) ions (\(\mathrm{H}^+\)) and nitrate ions (\(\mathrm{NO}_3^-\)) (c) \( \left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \): Ammonium ions (\(\mathrm{NH}_4^+\)) and sulfate ions (\(\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}\)) (d) \( \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} \): Calcium ions (\(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\)) and hydroxide ions (\(\mathrm{OH}^-\))

Step by step solution

01

Dissociation of ZnCl₂

The substance \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}\) is a salt which consists of the zinc (Zn) cation and the chloride (Cl) anion. When it dissolves in water, it dissociates into its respective ions as follows: \[\mathrm{ZnCl}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}^{2+} + 2\mathrm{Cl}^-\] So, zinc (II) and chloride ions are present in the solution.
02

Dissociation of HNO₃

The substance \(\mathrm{HNO}_3\) is a strong acid which consists of the hydrogen (H) and nitrate (NO₃) ions. When it dissolves in water, it dissociates completely into its respective ions as follows: \[\mathrm{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{NO}_3^-\] So, hydrogen (proton) and nitrate ions are present in the solution.
03

Dissociation of (NH₄)₂SO₄

The substance \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a salt which consists of the ammonium (NH₄) cation and the sulfate (SO₄) anion. Upon dissolving in water, it dissociates into its respective ions as follows: \[\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2\mathrm{SO}_4 \rightarrow 2\mathrm{NH}_4^+ + \mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}\] So, ammonium and sulfate ions are present in the solution.
04

Dissociation of Ca(OH)₂

The substance \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is a basic salt, which consists of the calcium (Ca) cation and the hydroxide (OH) anion. Upon dissolving in water, it dissociates into its respective ions as follows: \[\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}^{2+} + 2\mathrm{OH}^-\] So, calcium and hydroxide ions are present in the solution.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The arsenic in a 1.22-g sample of a pesticide was converted to \(\mathrm{AsO}_{4}^{3-}\) by suitable chemical treatment. It was then titrated using \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) to form \(\mathrm{Ag}_{3} \mathrm{AsO}_{4}\) as a precipitate. (a) What is the oxidation state of As in \(\mathrm{AsO}_{4}{ }^{3-} ?\) (b) Name \(\mathrm{Ag}_{3} \mathrm{AsO}_{4}\) by analogy to the corresponding compound containing phosphorus in place of arsenic. (c) If it took \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.102 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) to reach the equivalence point in this titration, what is the mass percentage of arsenic in the pesticide?

Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solutions: (a) \(0.25 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\), (b) \(1.3 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{MgSO}_{4}\), (c) \(0.0150 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\), (d) a mixture of \(45.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.272 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) and \(65.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.0247 \mathrm{M}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} .\) Assume that the volumes are additive.

Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the following reactions, and identify the gas formed in each: (a) solid cadmium sulfide reacts with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid; (b) solid magnesium carbonate reacts with an aqueous solution of perchloric acid.

A sample of \(5.53 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) is added to \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of 0.200 \(\mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. (b) Which is the limiting reactant in the reaction? (c) How many moles of \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}, \mathrm{HNO}_{3},\) and \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) are present after the reaction is complete?

Using solubility guidelines, predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (a) \(\mathrm{MgBr}_{2}\), (b) \(\mathrm{PbI}_{2}\), (c) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{ZnSO}_{4}\). (d) \(\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\),
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