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Chapter 6: Problem 55
Which of the following represent impossible combinations of \(n\) and \(l:(\) a \() 1 p,(\) b \() 4 s,(c) 5 f,(\) d) \(2 d ?\)
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Determine which of the following statements are false and correct them. (a) The frequency of radiation increases as the wavelength increases. (b) Electromagnetic radiation travels through a vacuum at a constant speed, regardless of wavelength. (c) Infrared light has higher frequencies than visible light. (d) The glow from a fireplace, the energy within a microwave oven, and a foghorn blast are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
(a) Account for formation of the following series of oxides in terms of the electron configurations of the elements and the discussion of ionic compounds in Section 2.7: \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{CaO}\) \(\mathrm{Sc}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}, \mathrm{TiO}_{2}, \mathrm{~V}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}, \mathrm{CrO}_{3} .\) (b) Name these oxides. (c) Consider the metal oxides whose enthalpies of formation (in \(\mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\) ) are listed here. Calculate the enthalpy changes in the following general reaction for each case: $$ \mathrm{M}_{n} \mathrm{O}_{m}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow n \mathrm{M}(s)+m \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) $$ (You will need to write the balanced equation for each case and then compute \(\left.\Delta H^{\circ} .\right)\) (d) Based on the data given, estimate a value of \(\Delta H_{f}^{\circ}\) for \(\mathrm{Sc}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)\)
For a given value of the principal quantum number, \(n\), how do the energies of the \(s, p, d,\) and \(f\) subshells vary for (a) hydrogen, (b) a many-electron atom?
The following electron configurations represent excited states. Identify the element, and write its ground-state condensed electron configuration. (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 3 p^{2} 4 p^{1},\) (b) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 d^{10} 4 s^{1} 4 p^{4} 5 s^{1}\), (c) \([\mathrm{Kr}] 4 d^{6} 5 s^{2} 5 p^{1}\) (a) Determine which elements emit radiation in the visible part of the spectrum. (b) Which element emits photons of highest energy? Of lowest energy? (c) When burned, a sample of an unknown substance is found to emit light of frequency \(6.59 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\). Which of these elements is probably in the sample?
Give the values for \(n, l\), and \(m_{l}\) for (a) each orbital in the \(2 p\) subshell, (b) each orbital in the \(5 d\) subshell.
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