Judge the following statements as true or false. If you believe a statement to be false, provide a corrected version.(a) Air and water are both elements. (b) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound.(c) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot. (d) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter. (e) When yellow stains in a kitchen sink are treated with bleach water, the disappearance of the stains is due to a physical change. (f) A hypothesis is more weakly supported by experimental evidence than a theory. (g) The number 0.0033 has more significant figures than 0.033 . (h) Conversion factors used in converting units always have a numerical value of one. (i) Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

Step by step solution

01

Evaluate the statement

Air and water are not elements; instead, they are mixtures and compounds, respectively. Air is a mixture of gases (mainly nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of other gases), and water is a compound (H₂O) made up of hydrogen and oxygen elements. Statement (b):

02

Evaluate the statement

This statement is false. Not all mixtures must contain an element and a compound. Mixtures can also contain two or more elements, two or more compounds, or a combination of elements and compounds. Statement (c):

03

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances through chemical reactions, while elements cannot be further decomposed into different substances. Statement (d):

04

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter: solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. Statement (e):

05

Evaluate the statement

This statement is false. In this case, a chemical reaction occurs between the bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and the stain, causing its disappearance. Thus, it is a chemical change, not a physical one. Statement (f):

06

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. A hypothesis is an initial explanation made based on observations, which needs further testing and evidence to support it. In contrast, a theory has been thoroughly tested and confirmed by multiple lines of evidence. Statement (g):

07

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. The number 0.0033 has three significant figures, while 0.033 has only two significant figures. Statement (h):

08

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. Conversion factors are used to convert units and always have a numerical value of one. They represent equivalent quantities expressed in different units. Statement (i):

09

Evaluate the statement

This statement is true. Compounds are formed when two or more different elements combine in fixed proportions.

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