Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 11: Problem 16

(a) Which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions? (b) Which of these kinds of interactions are broken when a liquid is converted to a gas?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Intramolecular interactions are generally stronger than intermolecular interactions. (b) When a liquid is converted to a gas, it is the intermolecular interactions that are broken.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions

Intramolecular interactions are forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. These forces include ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Intermolecular interactions, on the other hand, are forces that occur between separate molecules, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.
02

Comparison of Interaction Strengths

Intramolecular interactions, namely ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, are generally stronger than intermolecular interactions. This is because intramolecular forces involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in strong bonding forces. Intermolecular forces, however, are the result of weaker electrical forces that occur between molecules, such as induced dipole-dipole interactions and van der Waals forces.
03

Part (a) Answer

So, intramolecular interactions are generally stronger than intermolecular interactions.
04

Breaking Interactions in Phase Change

When a liquid is converted to a gas, the substance undergoes a phase change. This phase change requires energy, which serves to break the intermolecular interactions that hold the molecules together in the liquid state. As these interactions are broken, the molecules gain enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas.
05

Part (b) Answer

When a liquid is converted to a gas, it is the intermolecular interactions that are broken.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

As a metal such as lead melts, what happens to (a) the average kinetic energy of the atoms and (b) the average distance between the atoms?

Look up and compare the normal boiling points and normal melting points of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}\) . Based on these physical properties, which substance has stronger intermolecular forces? What kinds of intermolecular forces exist for each molecule?

As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase in magnitude, do you expect each of the following to increase or decrease in magnitude? (a) Vapor pressure, (b) heat of vaporization, (c) boiling point, (d) freezing point, (e) viscosity, (f) surface tension, ( g) critical temperature.

(a) Do you expect the viscosity of glycerol, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\) , to be larger or smaller than that of 1 -propanol, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}\) ? (b) Explain. [ Section 11.3\(]\)

(a) When you exercise vigorously, you sweat. How does this help your body cool? (b) A flask of water is connected to a vacuum pump. A few moments after the pump is turned on, the water begins to boil. After a few minutes, the water begins to freeze. Explain why these processes occur.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free