Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 11: Problem 22

Which member in each pair has the stronger intermolecular dispersion forces? (a) Br_ or \(\mathrm{O}_{2},\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{SH}\) or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{SH},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Clor}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the molecules with stronger intermolecular dispersion forces for each pair are: (a) Br₂, (b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SH, and (c) CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl.

Step by step solution

01

Pair (a): Br₂ and O₂

In this pair, we have Br₂ (Bromine) and O₂ (Oxygen) molecules. Br₂ is a larger molecule with more electrons (70 electrons) compared to the O₂ molecule (16 electrons). As the dispersion forces are dependent on the size of the molecule and the number of electrons, Bromine (Br₂) has stronger intermolecular dispersion forces than Oxygen (O₂).
02

Pair (b): CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SH and CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SH

In this case, we are comparing two organic molecules: 1. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SH (4 carbons and 1 sulfur atom) 2. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SH (5 carbons and 1 sulfur atom) The first molecule has a total of 34 electrons, while the second molecule has 42 electrons. The second molecule, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SH, has more electrons and is larger than the first molecule. Therefore, the second molecule has stronger intermolecular dispersion forces.
03

Pair (c): CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl and (CH₃)₂CHCl

In this pair, we have to compare: 1. CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl (3 carbons and 1 chlorine atom) 2. (CH₃)₂CHCl (3 carbons and 1 chlorine atom) Both molecules have the same number of atoms and electrons (26 electrons each). However, their structure differs. In the first molecule, the chlorine atom is attached to a carbon with two neighboring carbons, while in the second molecule, the chlorine atom is attached to a carbon with two methyl (CH₃) groups attached. The second molecule has a more branched structure, which can lead to weaker dispersion forces due to a reduced surface area. Therefore, CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl has slightly stronger intermolecular dispersion forces than (CH₃)₂CHCl.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the phase transition in each of the following situations and indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic: (a) Bromine vapor turns to bromine liquid as it is cooled. (b) Crystals of iodine disappear from an evaporating dish as they stand in a fume hood. (c) Rubbing alcohol in an open container slowly disappears. (d) Molten lava from a volcano turns into solid rock.

At room temperature, Si is a solid, \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) is a liquid, and Ar is gas. List these substances in order of (a) increasing intermolecular energy of attraction and (b) increasing boiling point.

Propyl alcohol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) and isopropyl alcohol \(\left[\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHOH}\right],\) whose space- filling models are shown, have boiling points of 97.2 and \(82.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) , respectively. Explain why the boiling point of propyl alcohol is higher, even though both have the molecular formula, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\) .

If 42.0 \(\mathrm{kJ}\) of heat is added to a \(32.0-\mathrm{g}\) sample of liquid methane under 1 \(\mathrm{atm}\) of pressure at a temperature of \(-170^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) , what are the final state and temperature of the methane once the system equilibrates? Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings. The normal boiling point of methane is \(-161.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) The specific heats of liquid and gaseous methane are 3.48 and \(2.22 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\) , respectively. [ Section 11.4\(]\)

The vapor pressure of ethanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) at \(19^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is 40.0 torr. \(\mathrm{A} 1.00\) -g sample of ethanol is placed in a 2.00 \(\mathrm{L}\) container at \(19^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . If the container is closed and the ethanol is allowed to reach equilibrium with its vapor, how many grams of liquid ethanol remain?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free