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Chapter 11: Problem 25

(a) What atoms must a molecule contain to participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind? (b) Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules of the same kind: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{B}\) ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) For a molecule to participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind, it must contain hydrogen atoms bound to any of the three highly electronegative atoms: fluorine (F), oxygen (O), or nitrogen (N). This means the molecule must have an H-F, H-O, or H-N bond. (b) From the given molecules, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{NH}_{2}, \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH}\) can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules of the same kind, since they contain hydrogen atoms bonded to one of the three highly electronegative atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between molecules containing a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom. The three highly electronegative atoms that can participate in hydrogen bonding are fluorine (F), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N). In hydrogen bonding, the hydrogen atom in one molecule interacts with the electronegative atom in another molecule.
02

Identifying the atoms required for a molecule to participate in hydrogen bonding

For a molecule to participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind, it must contain hydrogen atoms bound to any of the three highly electronegative atoms, fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. This implies that the molecule must have an H-F, H-O, or H-N bond.
03

Evaluate each of the given molecules to determine if they can form hydrogen bonds

(a) We will now examine each of the given molecules to see if they can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules of the same kind: 1. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{F}\): This molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a fluorine atom (H-F bond). Therefore, it can participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind. 2. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{NH}_{2}\): This molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom (H-N bond). Therefore, it can participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind. 3. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH}\): This molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom (H-O bond). Therefore, it can participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind. 4. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{B}\): This molecule does not contain any hydrogen atoms bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Therefore, it cannot participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind. (b) Based on our analysis, the molecules \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{NH}_{2}, \mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH}\) can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules of the same kind.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose you have two colorless molecular liquids, one boiling at \(-84^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) the other at \(34^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and both at atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements is correct? For each statement that is not correct, modify the statement so that it is correct. (a) The higher-boiling liquid has greater total intermolecular forces than the lower- boiling liquid. (b) The lower-boiling liquid must consist of nonpolar molecules. (c) The lower- boiling liquid has a lower molecular weight than the higher-boiling liquid. (d) The two liquids have identical vapor pressures at their normal boiling points. (e) At \(-84^{\circ}\) both liquids have vapor pressures of 760 \(\mathrm{mm} \mathrm{Hg}\) .

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Based on their composition and structure, list \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3},\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) in order of \((\mathbf{a})\) increasing intermolecular forces, (\mathbf{b} ) increasing viscosity , ( c ) increasing surface tension.

Appendix \(\mathrm{B}\) lists the vapor pressure of water at various external pressures. (a) Plot the data in Appendix B, vaporpressure (torr) versus temperature \(\left(^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) .\) From your plot, estimate the vapor pressure of water at body temperature, \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (b) Explain the significance of the data point at 760.0 torr, \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) A city at an altitude of 5000 \(\mathrm{ft}\)above sea level has a barometric pressure of 633 torr. To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city? (d) A city at an altitude of 500 ft below sea level would have a barometric pressure of 774 torr. To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city?
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