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Chapter 11: Problem 36

Hydrazine \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NNH}_{2}\right),\) hydrogen peroxide \((\mathrm{HOOH}),\) and water \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\) all have exceptionally high surface tensions compared with other substances of comparable molecular weights. (a) Draw the Lewis structures for these three compounds. (b) What structural property do these substances have in common, and how might that account for the high surface tensions?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Lewis structures for hydrazine (H₂NNH₂), hydrogen peroxide (HOOH), and water (H₂O) are: Hydrazine: H | N - N | | H H Hydrogen peroxide: H - O - O - H Water: H | O - H All three molecules contain hydrogen bonding due to the presence of highly electronegative atoms (N or O) bonded to hydrogen. This strong intermolecular force leads to high surface tensions.

Step by step solution

01

Draw the Lewis Structure of Hydrazine

To draw the Lewis structure of hydrazine (H₂NNH₂): 1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons: Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons, and Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. So, H₂NNH₂ has (2 * 1) + (2 * 5) = 12 valence electrons. 2. Connect the central atoms (Nitrogens) with single bonds and arrange the remaining atoms. 3. Try distributing the electrons around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule for each atom. The Lewis structure for hydrazine (H₂NNH₂) is: H | N - N | | H H
02

Draw the Lewis Structure of Hydrogen Peroxide

To draw the Lewis structure of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH): 1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. So, HOOH has (2 * 6) + (2 * 1) = 14 valence electrons. 2. Connect the central atoms (Oxygens) with single bonds and arrange the remaining atoms. 3. Try distributing the electrons around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule for each atom. The Lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) is: H - O - O - H
03

Draw the Lewis Structure of Water

To draw the Lewis structure of water (H₂O): 1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. So, H₂O has (1 * 6) + (2 * 1) = 8 valence electrons. 2. Arrange the atoms with Oxygen in the middle and Hydrogens around it. 3. Distribute the remaining electrons around the atoms to satisfy the octet rule for each atom. The Lewis structure for water (H₂O) is: H | O - H
04

Identify the Structural Property and Explain High Surface Tensions

All three molecules (hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide, and water) contain hydrogen bonding, which is the common structural property. This is due to the presence of highly electronegative atoms (N or O) bonded to hydrogen. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that leads to high surface tensions. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the more energy required to break these interactions, and thus, higher surface tensions are present.

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