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Chapter 11: Problem 49

Which of the following affects the vapor pressure of a liquid? (a) Volume of the liquid, (b) surface area, (c) intermolecular attractive forces, (d) temperature, (e) density of the liquid.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The factors that affect the vapor pressure of a liquid are (c) intermolecular attractive forces and (d) temperature. Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure, while weaker intermolecular forces lead to higher vapor pressure. Additionally, the vapor pressure increases as temperature increases. The volume of the liquid, surface area, and density do not directly affect the vapor pressure.

Step by step solution

01

Option (a): Volume of the liquid

The volume of the liquid does not affect its vapor pressure. Vapor pressure depends on the equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases, which is determined by intermolecular forces and temperature, irrespective of the volume of the liquid.
02

Option (b): Surface area

The surface area of a liquid does not directly affect its vapor pressure. However, surface area may influence the rate of evaporation of the liquid. But since vapor pressure is a property of the liquid-vapor equilibrium, it does not depend on the surface area.
03

Option (c): Intermolecular attractive forces

Intermolecular attractive forces play a crucial role in determining the vapor pressure of a liquid. Stronger intermolecular forces make it more difficult for the molecules to escape the liquid and enter the vapor phase, resulting in lower vapor pressure. On the contrary, weaker intermolecular forces lead to higher vapor pressure.
04

Option (d): Temperature

Temperature affects the vapor pressure of a liquid. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules increases, making it easier for them to escape into the vapor phase. Consequently, the vapor pressure of the liquid increases with increasing temperature.
05

Option (e): Density of the liquid

The density of the liquid does not directly affect its vapor pressure. However, it may be indirectly related to vapor pressure, as liquids with higher densities often have stronger intermolecular forces. But the density itself does not influence the vapor pressure.
06

Final Answer

Based on our analysis, the factors that affect the vapor pressure of a liquid are (c) intermolecular attractive forces and (d) temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between all molecules? (b) Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates only between polar molecules? (c) Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates only between the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and a nearby small electronegative atom?

Which member in each pair has the stronger intermolecular dispersion forces? (a) Br_ or \(\mathrm{O}_{2},\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{SH}\) or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{SH},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Clor}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCl}\)

Liquid butane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\right)\) is stored in cylinders to be used as a fuel. The normal boiling point of butane is listed as \(-0.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . (a) Suppose the tank is standing in the sun and reaches a temperature of \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . Would you expect the pressure in the tank to be greater or less than atmospheric pressure? How does the pressure within the tank depend on how much liquid butane is in it? (b) Suppose the valve to the tank is opened and a few liters of butane are allowed to escape rapidly. What do you expect would happen to the temperature of the remaining liquid butane in the tank? Explain. (c) How much heat must be added to vaporize 250 \(\mathrm{g}\) of butane if its heat of vaporization is 21.3 \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) ? What volume does this much butane occupy at 755 torr and \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

(a) What atoms must a molecule contain to participate in hydrogen bonding with other molecules of the same kind? (b) Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules of the same kind: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{B}\) ?

(a) List the following molecules in order of increasing polar-izability: GeCl_ \(_{4}, \mathrm{CH}_{4}, \mathrm{SiCl}_{4}, \mathrm{SiH}_{4},\) and \(\mathrm{GeBr}_{4}\) . (b) Predict the order of boiling points of the substances in part (a).
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