Chapter 11: Problem 72
The smectic liquid crystalline phase can be said to be more highly ordered than the nematic phase. In what sense is this true?
Chapter 11: Problem 72
The smectic liquid crystalline phase can be said to be more highly ordered than the nematic phase. In what sense is this true?
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Get started for freeWhich of the following affects the vapor pressure of a liquid? (a) Volume of the liquid, (b) surface area, (c) intermolecular attractive forces, (d) temperature, (e) density of the liquid.
Carbon tetrachloride, \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4},\) and chloroform, \(\mathrm{CHCl}_{3},\) are common organic liquids. Carbon tetrachloride's normal boiling point is \(77^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ;\) chloroform's normal boiling point is \(61^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) Which statement is the best explanation of these data? (a) Chloroform can hydrogen-bond, but carbon tetrachloride cannot. (b) Carbon tetrachloride has a larger dipole moment than chloroform. (c) Carbon tetrachloride is more polarizable than chloroform.
Based on the type or types of intermolecular forces, predict the substance in each pair that has the higher boiling point:(a) propane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)\) or \(n\) -butane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\right),(\mathbf{b})\) diethyl ether \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)\) or 1 -butanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) (c) sulfur dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\right)\) or sulfur trioxide \(\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right),(\mathbf{d})\) phosgene \(\left(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\right)\) or formaldehyde \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\right)\)
(a) Which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions? (b) Which of these kinds of interactions are broken when a liquid is converted to a gas?
As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase in magnitude, do you expect each of the following to increase or decrease in magnitude? (a) Vapor pressure, (b) heat of vaporization, (c) boiling point, (d) freezing point, (e) viscosity, (f) surface tension, ( g) critical temperature.
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