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Chapter 13: Problem 27

Consider water and glycerol, CH \(_{2}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) . (a) Would you expect them to be miscible in all proportions? (b) List the intermolecular attractions that occur between a water molecule and a glycerol molecule.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Yes, water and glycerol are expected to be miscible in all proportions, as both substances have hydrogen bonds which allow them to easily interact and mix with each other. (b) The intermolecular attractions between a water molecule and a glycerol molecule are primarily hydrogen bonds, resulting from the interaction of the partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms from both substances.

Step by step solution

01

1. Determine the types of intermolecular forces involved

Water has hydrogen bonds, which are a strong type of intermolecular force due to the highly electronegative oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom bonded to it. In glycerol, which is an alcohol (CH\(_{2}\)(OH)CH(OH)CH\(_{2}\)OH), there are also hydrogen bonds, as it has hydroxyl groups (OH) within its structure.
02

2. Evaluate the miscibility of the two substances based on intermolecular forces

Substances with similar types of intermolecular forces tend to be miscible. Since both water and glycerol have hydrogen bonds, they are likely going to be miscible in all proportions due to the compatibility of their intermolecular forces.
03

3. Answer part (a) of the exercise

Based on the analysis of the types of intermolecular forces, it is expected that water and glycerol will be miscible in all proportions, as both substances have hydrogen bonds which allow them to easily interact and mix with each other.
04

4. Identify intermolecular attractions between water and glycerol molecules

The primary intermolecular attractions between water and glycerol molecules are hydrogen bonds. The oxygen atom in the water molecule has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges due to the electronegativity difference. In glycerol, the oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups (OH) have a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges. These partial charges result in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the water and glycerol.
05

5. Answer part (b) of the exercise

The intermolecular attractions between a water molecule and a glycerol molecule are primarily hydrogen bonds, resulting from the interaction of the partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms from both substances.

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