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Chapter 13: Problem 31

(a) Would you expect stearic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16} \mathrm{COOH},\) to be more soluble in water or in carbon tetrachloride? (b) Which would you expect to be more soluble in water, cyclohexane or dioxane?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Stearic acid would be more soluble in nonpolar carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) than in polar water due to its long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain dominating the interactions. (b) Dioxane, being a polar compound with hydrogen bonding capacity, is more soluble in water than nonpolar cyclohexane.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Stearic acid solubility in water and carbon tetrachloride

Stearic acid has a polar carboxyl group (\(\mathrm{COOH}\)) and a long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain (\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16}\)). - Water is a polar solvent, thus it can interact with the polar part of stearic acid. - Carbon tetrachloride is a nonpolar solvent, thus it will interact with the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain of stearic acid. Since the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain in stearic acid is much larger than the polar carboxyl group, the interactions between the nonpolar chain and carbon tetrachloride will dominate. Therefore, stearic acid would be more soluble in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) than in water.
02

(b) Solubility comparison of cyclohexane and dioxane in water

Cyclohexane is a nonpolar compound with no hydrogen bonding capacity, while dioxane has polar bonds and can form hydrogen bonds. - Water is a polar solvent, and it forms hydrogen bonds easily. As a result, dioxane, being a polar compound with hydrogen bonding capacity, is more likely to dissolve in water than the nonpolar compound cyclohexane, which is not capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Thus, dioxane is more soluble in water than cyclohexane.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

At \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) the vapor pressure of benzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) is 75 torr, and that of toluene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)\) is 22 torr. Assume that ben- benzene and toluene form an ideal solution. (a) What is the composition in mole fraction of a solution that has a vapor pressure of 35 torr at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) (b) What is the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor above the solution described in part (a)?

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The presence of the radioactive gas radon (Rn) in well water presents a possible health hazard in parts of the United States. (a) Assuming that the solubility of radon in water with 1 atm pressure of the gas over the water at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(7.27 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M},\) what is the Henry's law constant for radon in water at this temperature? (b) A sample consisting of various gases contains \(3.5 \times 10^{-6}\) mole fraction of radon. This gas at a total pressure of 32 atm is shaken with water at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) Calculate the molar concentration of radon in the water.

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