Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) A reaction that is spontaneous in one direction will be nonspontaneous in the reverse direction under the same reaction conditions. (b) All spontaneous processes are fast. (c) Most spontaneous processes are reversible. (d) An isothermal process is one in which the system loses no heat. (e) The maximum amount of work can be accomplished by an irreversible process rather than a reversible one.

(a) True - A spontaneous reaction in one direction will be nonspontaneous in the reverse direction under the same conditions, as it moves away from equilibrium. (b) False - Spontaneity refers to the tendency of a process, not its speed, so spontaneous processes can be slow or fast. (c) True - Most spontaneous processes are reversible, although some, like combustion, are irreversible. (d) False - An isothermal process involves constant temperature, not no heat exchange; heat can be lost or gained to maintain constant temperature. (e) False - The maximum amount of work is accomplished by reversible processes, as they are more efficient with minimal energy loss compared to irreversible processes.