Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 113

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between \((\mathbf{a})\) calcium sulfide and calcium hydrogen sulfide, \((\mathbf{b})\) hydrobromic acid and bromic acid \((\mathbf{c})\) aluminum nitride and aluminum nitrite,\((\mathbf{d})\)iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide,\((\mathbf{e})\)ammonia and ammonium ion, \((\mathbf{f})\)potassium sulfite and potassium bisulfite,\((\mathbf{g})\) mercurous chloride and mercuric chloride, \((\mathbf{h})\) chloric acid and perchloric acid.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct chemical formulas for each pair are: (a) Calcium sulfide: CaS and calcium hydrogen sulfide: Ca(HS)_2. (b) Hydrobromic acid: HBr and bromic acid: HBrO_3. (c) Aluminum nitride: AlN and aluminum nitrite: Al(NO_2)_3. (d) Iron(II) oxide: FeO and iron(III) oxide: Fe_2O_3. (e) Ammonia: NH_3 and ammonium ion: NH_4^(+). (f) Potassium sulfite: K_2SO_3 and potassium bisulfite: KHSO_3. (g) Mercurous chloride: Hg_2Cl_2 and mercuric chloride: HgCl_2. (h) Chloric acid: HClO_3 and perchloric acid: HClO_4.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Calcium sulfide and calcium hydrogen sulfide

For calcium sulfide, we have the calcium ion Ca^(2+) and the sulfide ion S^(2-). The correct chemical formula is obtained by balancing the charges, which results in CaS. For calcium hydrogen sulfide, we have the calcium ion Ca^(2+) and the hydrogen sulfide ion HS^(-). Balancing the charges results in the correct chemical formula: Ca(HS)_2.
02

(b) Hydrobromic acid and bromic acid

Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid with a hydrogen ion H^(+) and the bromide ion Br^(-). Putting them together, we get the chemical formula: HBr. Bromic acid is a weak acid containing a hydrogen ion H^(+) and the bromate ion BrO_3^(-). Combining them, we get the chemical formula: HBrO_3.
03

(c) Aluminum nitride and aluminum nitrite

For aluminum nitride, we have the aluminum ion Al^(3+) and the nitride ion N^(3-). Balancing the charges, we get the chemical formula: AlN. For aluminum nitrite, we have the aluminum ion Al^(3+) and the nitrite ion NO_2^(-). Balancing the charges results in the chemical formula: Al(NO_2)_3.
04

(d) Iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide

Iron(II) oxide contains an iron(II) ion Fe^(2+) and an oxide ion O^(2-). Balancing the charges, we get the chemical formula: FeO. Iron(III) oxide contains an iron(III) ion Fe^(3+) and an oxide ion O^(2-). Balancing the charges, we get the chemical formula: Fe_2O_3.
05

(e) Ammonia and ammonium ion

Ammonia is a neutral compound with the molecular formula NH_3. Ammonium ion is a positively charged polyatomic ion formed when ammonia gains a proton (H^(+)). Its chemical formula is NH_4^(+).
06

(f) Potassium sulfite and potassium bisulfite

For potassium sulfite, we have the potassium ion K^(+) and the sulfite ion SO_3^(2-). Balancing the charges, we get the chemical formula: K_2SO_3. For potassium bisulfite, we have the potassium ion K^(+) and the bisulfite ion HSO_3^(-). Balancing the charges, we get the chemical formula: KHSO_3.
07

(g) Mercurous chloride and mercuric chloride

Mercurous chloride contains the mercurous ion Hg_2^(2+) and the chloride ion Cl^(-). Balancing the charges, we obtain the chemical formula: Hg_2Cl_2. Mercuric chloride contains the mercuric ion Hg^(2+) and the chloride ion Cl^(-). Balancing the charges results in the chemical formula: HgCl_2.
08

(h) Chloric acid and perchloric acid

Chloric acid is a weak acid containing a hydrogen ion H^(+) and the chlorate ion ClO_3^(-). The chemical formula for chloric acid is HClO_3. Perchloric acid is a strong acid containing a hydrogen ion H^(+) and the perchlorate ion ClO_4^(-). The chemical formula for perchloric acid is HClO_4.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: \((\mathbf{a})\)(b) soda ash, saltpeter, \((\mathbf{c})\)soda ash, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$$(\mathbf{d})\)muriatic acid, HCl;\((\mathbf{e})\)Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{Mg} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$$(\mathbf{f})\)milk of magnesia \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\)

Chloropropane is derived from propane by substituting Cl for \(\mathrm{H}\) on one of the carbon atoms. (a) Draw the structural formulas for the two isomers of chloropropane. (b) Suggest names for these two compounds.

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

An atom of rhodium (Rh) has a diameter of about \(2.7 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{cm} .\) (a) What is the radius of a rhodium atom in angstroms (A) and in meters \((\mathrm{m}) ?\) (b) How many Rh atoms would have to be placed side by side to span a distance of 6.0\(\mu \mathrm{m}\) ? (c) If you assume that the Rh atom is a sphere, what is the volume in \(\mathrm{m}^{3}\) of a single atom?

(a) Define atomic number and mass number. (b) Which of these can vary without changing the identity of the element?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free