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Chapter 2: Problem 76

Provide the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: (a) hydroiodic acid, (b) chloric acid, (c) nitrous acid, acid, \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{HClO}_{4},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Hydroiodic acid: \(HI\) (b) Chloric acid: \(HClO_3\) (c) Nitrous acid: \(HNO_2\) (d) Carbonic acid: \(H_2CO_3\) (e) Perchloric acid: \(HClO_4\) (f) Acetic acid: \(CH_3COOH\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Hydroiodic Acid

The name "hydroiodic acid" refers to an acidic compound consisting of hydrogen and iodine ions. The chemical formula can be deduced using the following convention: hydrogen is represented by 'H' and iodine by 'I.' Since both hydrogen and iodine have a single charge, we write their formula as HI. So, the chemical formula for hydroiodic acid is \(HI\).
02

(b) Chloric Acid

Chloric acid is an oxyacid of chlorine. It contains a central chlorine atom surrounded by oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The chemical formula for chloric acid can be written as HClO₃. The prefix 'chlor-' indicates the presence of a chlorine atom, while the suffix '-ic' suggests the higher oxidation state of chlorine (+5) in this compound.
03

(c) Nitrous Acid

Nitrous acid is another oxyacid, this time consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. The general template for naming oxyacids is H(NO₂). Using the suffix '-ous,' we denote a lower oxidation state (+3) of nitrogen in this compound. Thus, the chemical formula for nitrous acid is \(HNO_2\).
04

(d) H₂CO₃

H₂CO₃ is the chemical formula of an acid containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The acid in question is created by combining one carbon atom (C), two hydrogen atoms (H), and three oxygen atoms (O). H₂CO₃ is called "carbonic acid," which plays an important role in the carbonation of soft drinks and the dissolution of carbonate rocks.
05

(e) HClO₄

HClO₄ is the chemical formula of an acid composed of hydrogen, chlorine, and oxygen atoms. The acid is created by combining one hydrogen atom (H), one chlorine atom (Cl), and four oxygen atoms (O). Following the conventions for naming oxyacids, we use the prefix 'chlor-' and the suffix '-ic' to indicate the highest oxidation state of chlorine (+7). Therefore, the name of this acid is "perchloric acid."
06

(f) CH₃COOH

The chemical formula CH₃COOH is for an acid containing hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. The molecular structure consists of two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms. The name of this acid is "acetic acid," which is a common organic acid that can be found in vinegar.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict the chemical formula for the ionic compound formed by (a) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}^{-},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{K}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\) .

There are two different isotopes of bromine atoms. Under normal conditions, elemental bromine consists of Br_{2} \text molecules, and the mass of a Br \(_{2}\) molecule is the sum of the masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The mass spectrum of Br_{2} consists of three peaks:(a) What is the origin of each peak (of what isotopes does each consist)? (b) What is the mass of each isotope? (c) Determine the average molecular mass of a Br_ molecule. (d) Determine the average atomic mass of a bromine atom. (e) Calculate the abundances of the two isotopes.

Many familiar substances have common, unsystematic names. For each of the following, give the correct systematic name: \((\mathbf{a})\)(b) soda ash, saltpeter, \((\mathbf{c})\)soda ash, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$$(\mathbf{d})\)muriatic acid, HCl;\((\mathbf{e})\)Epsom salts, \(\mathrm{Mg} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$$(\mathbf{f})\)milk of magnesia \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\)

The elements of group 4 \(\mathrm{A}\) show an interesting change in properties moving down the group. Give the name and chemical symbol of each element in the group and label it as a nonmetal, metalloid, or metal.

Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{HBrO}_{3},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{HBr},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},(\mathbf{d})\) hypochlorous acid, (e) iodic acid, (f) sulfurous acid.
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