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Chapter 24: Problem 11

For each of the following hydrocarbons, state how many carbon atoms are in each molecule: \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) methane }} \\ {\text { (b) decane }} \\ {\text { (c) } 2 \text { -methylhexane }} \\ {\text { (d) neopentane }} \\ {\text { (e) acetylene }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are \(1\) carbon atom in methane (a), \(10\) carbon atoms in decane (b), \(7\) carbon atoms in 2-methylhexane (c), \(5\) carbon atoms in neopentane (d), and \(2\) carbon atoms in acetylene (e).

Step by step solution

01

(a) Methane

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon, and its name comes from the prefix "meth-" indicating that there is only one carbon atom, and the suffix "-ane" indicating that it is an alkane. Therefore, there is \(1\) carbon atom in methane.
02

(b) Decane

For decane, the prefix "dec-" indicates that the hydrocarbon contains 10 carbon atoms, and the suffix "-ane" indicates that it is an alkane. Therefore, there are \(10\) carbon atoms in decane.
03

(c) 2-Methylhexane

In this case, the name of the hydrocarbon is descriptive of its structure. The prefix "hex-" indicates that the main chain contains 6 carbon atoms. The "2-methyl" part of the name tells us that at position 2 on the main chain, there is a methyl group (which is a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms) attached. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms in 2-methylhexane is \(6 + 1 = 7\).
04

(d) Neopentane

Neopentane is also known as 2,2-dimethylpropane. The prefix "prop-" indicates that the main chain contains 3 carbon atoms. "2,2-dimethyl" tells us that there are two methyl groups (each representing a single carbon atom) attached to the main chain at position 2. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms in neopentane is \(3 + 2 = 5\).
05

(e) Acetylene

Acetylene, also known as ethyne, is an alkyne (a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond). The prefix "eth-" in "ethyne" indicates that there are two carbon atoms in the molecule, and the suffix "-yne" indicates that it is an alkyne. Therefore, there are \(2\) carbon atoms in acetylene.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Can a DNA strand bind to a complementary RNA strand? Explain.

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as \(1,2,3\) -trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as \(1,4\) -diamino-butane, the compound responsible for the odor of putre-fying fish, ( c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (a) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils.Draw the correct isomer.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Butane contains carbons that are \(s p^{2}\) hybridized. (b) Cyclohexane is another name for benzene. (c) The isopropyl group contains three \(s p^{3}\) -hybridized carbons. (d) Olefin is another name for alkyne.

(a) True or false: Alkenes undergo addition reactions and aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions. (b) Using condensed structural formulas, write the balanced equation for the reaction of 2 -pentene with Br\(_{2}\) and name the resulting compound. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction? (c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) with benzene to make paradichlorobenzene in the presence of \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\) as a catalyst. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction?

You are working in a biotechnology lab and are analyzing DNA. You obtain a sample of a short dodecamer of DNA that contains 12 base pairs. (a) What must the ratio of adenine to thymine be in your sample? (b) What must the ratio of cytosine to guanine be in your sample? (c) Assume the counterions present in your DNA solution are sodium ions. How many sodium ions must there be per dodecamer? Assume the \(5^{\prime}\) end phosphates each bear \(a-1\) charge.
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