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Chapter 24: Problem 21

\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Is } \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \text { a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon? }} \\ {\text { (b) Are all alkynes unsaturated? }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) C4H6 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, as it matches the formula for alkynes with a carbon-carbon triple bond. (b) Yes, all alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Step by step solution

01

(Understanding saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons)

: Saturated hydrocarbons are compounds that contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, held together with single bonds only. In these compounds, each carbon atom forms four bonds in total. These are in the form of CnH2n+2 (where n is the number of carbon atoms). Unsaturated hydrocarbons are compounds in which at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) or triple bond (C≡C) is present. This means that there are fewer hydrogen atoms in the molecule than in a saturated hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have the general formula CnH2n (for alkenes, with one double bond) and CnH2n-2 (for alkynes, with one triple bond). (a)
02

(Analyzing the given hydrocarbon formula)

: We are given the molecular formula C4H6. To determine if the hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated, we can analyse the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the formula.
03

(Comparing the given formula with the general formulas of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons)

: We compare the given formula C4H6 with the general formulas for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons: 1. Saturated hydrocarbons: CnH2n+2 - For n=4 (4 carbon atoms), we have C4H10 (butane) as the saturated hydrocarbon. 2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes): CnH2n - For n=4 (4 carbon atoms), we have C4H8 (butene) as the unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond. 3. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkynes): CnH2n-2 - For n=4 (4 carbon atoms), we have C4H6 as the unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond. Comparing the given formula C4H6 to these general formulas, we can see that it matches the formula for alkynes, which have at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
04

(Answer to part (a))

: C4H6 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. (b)
05

(Analyzing the nature of alkynes)

: Alkynes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. By definition, the presence of a carbon-carbon triple bond means that the hydrocarbon is unsaturated.
06

(Answer to part (b))

: Yes, all alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following: (a) an acid with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2},\) (b) a cyclic ketone with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O},(\mathbf{c})\) a dihydroxy compound with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2},(\mathbf{d})\) a cyclic ester with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2} .\)

(a) One test for the presence of an alkene is to add a small amount of bromine, which is a red-brown liquid, and look for the disappearance of the red-brown color. This test does not work for detecting the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Explain. (b) Write a series of reactions leading to para-bromoethylbenzene, beginning with benzene and using other reagents as needed. What isomeric side products might also be formed?

Give the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing five carbon atoms that is (a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne.

(a) Draw the condensed structure of the tripeptide Gly-Gly-His. (b) How many different tripeptides can be made from the amino acids glycine and histidine? Give the abbreviations for each of these tripeptides, using the three-letter and one-letter codes for the amino acids.

Give the general formula for any cyclic alkene, that is, a cyclic hydrocarbon with one double bond.
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