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Chapter 24: Problem 45

Draw the molecular structure for (a) an aldehyde that is an isomer of acetone, (b) an ether that is an isomer of 1-propanol.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The aldehyde isomer of acetone is propanal, with the structure: H H H | | | C-C-C=O | | H H The ether isomer of 1-propanol is methoxyethane (ethyl methyl ether), with the structure: H H H | | | H-C-O-C-C | | H H

Step by step solution

01

Identify the formula of the given compounds (acetone and 1-propanol)

Acetone is a ketone with the molecular formula \(C_3H_6O\). Its structure includes a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbons. 1-propanol, on the other hand, is an alcohol with the molecular formula \(C_3H_8O\). Its structure consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom (a hydroxyl group, OH).
02

Determine the possible aldehyde isomer for acetone

An aldehyde has a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain. Since the molecular formula of acetone is \(C_3H_6O\), the aldehyde isomer must also have the same molecular formula. By converting the ketone carbonyl group in acetone to an aldehyde, we can determine the structure of the aldehyde isomer. The resulting aldehyde isomer is propanal, which has the chemical formula \(C_3H_6O\) and the structure: H-C(H)=O.
03

Draw the molecular structure of the aldehyde isomer of acetone (Propanal)

Place the carbonyl group at the end of the three-carbon chain. The structure of propanal is as follows: H H H | | | C-C-C=O | | H H
04

Determine the possible ether isomer for 1-propanol

An ether has an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl (carbon) groups. Since the molecular formula of 1-propanol is \(C_3H_8O\), the ether isomer must also have the same molecular formula. Replace the hydroxyl group in 1-propanol with an oxygen atom, connecting two carbon atoms. The resulting ether isomer is methoxyethane (ethyl methyl ether), which has the chemical formula \(C_3H_8O\) and the structure: H-C-O-C.
05

Draw the molecular structure of the ether isomer of 1-propanol (Methoxyethane)

Connect the oxygen atom between a methyl (CH3) and an ethyl (CH2-CH3) group. The structure of methoxyethane is as follows: H H H | | | H-C-O-C-C | | H H

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You are working in a biotechnology lab and are analyzing DNA. You obtain a sample of a short dodecamer of DNA that contains 12 base pairs. (a) What must the ratio of adenine to thymine be in your sample? (b) What must the ratio of cytosine to guanine be in your sample? (c) Assume the counterions present in your DNA solution are sodium ions. How many sodium ions must there be per dodecamer? Assume the \(5^{\prime}\) end phosphates each bear \(a-1\) charge.

Enediynes are a class of compounds that include some antibiotic drugs. Draw the structure of an "enediyne" fragment that contains six carbons in a row.

\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Is } \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \text { a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon? }} \\ {\text { (b) Are all alkynes unsaturated? }}\end{array}\end{equation}

If a molecule is an "ene-one," what functional groups must it have?

What structural features help us identify a compound as (a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne, (e) a saturated hydrocarbon, (f) an aromatic hydrocarbon?
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