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Chapter 24: Problem 55

Write the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds: (a) 2-pentanol, (b) \(1,2\)-propanediol,(c) ethyl acetate, (d) diphenyl ketone, (e) methyl ethyl ether.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The condensed structural formulas for the given compounds are: (a) 2-pentanol: \(CH_3CH(OH)CH_2CH_2CH_3\) (b) 1,2-propanediol: \(CH_2(OH)CH(OH)CH_3\) (c) ethyl acetate: \(CH_3COOCH_2CH_3\) (d) diphenyl ketone: \(C_6H_5CO C_6H_5\) (e) methyl ethyl ether: \(CH_3O CH_2CH_3\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) 2-pentanol

To draw the condensed structural formula for 2-pentanol: 1. Identify the parent chain: Pentanol is an alcohol derived from pentane, which contains 5 carbon atoms. 2. Identify the alcohol group position: The number 2 indicates that the alcohol group (-OH) is at the 2nd carbon atom of the chain. Thus, the condensed structural formula for 2-pentanol is: \(CH_3CH(OH)CH_2CH_2CH_3\)
02

(b) 1,2-propanediol

To draw the condensed structural formula for 1,2-propanediol: 1. Identify the parent chain: Propanediol is a diol (containing two alcohol groups) derived from propane, which contains 3 carbon atoms. 2. Identify the alcohol groups positions: The numbers 1 and 2 indicate that the alcohol groups (-OH) are at the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms. Thus, the condensed structural formula for 1,2-propanediol is: \(CH_2(OH)CH(OH)CH_3\)
03

(c) ethyl acetate

To draw the condensed structural formula for ethyl acetate: 1. Identify the ester group: Acetate indicates a group derived from acetic acid, and its general formula is -OOCCH_3. 2. Identify the alkyl group: Ethyl indicates the presence of an ethyl group (CH_2CH_3) bonded to the ester. Thus, the condensed structural formula for ethyl acetate is: \(CH_3COOCH_2CH_3\)
04

(d) diphenyl ketone

To draw the condensed structural formula for diphenyl ketone: 1. Identify the ketone group: A ketone group is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbons. 2. Identify the phenyl groups: Diphenyl indicates the presence of two phenyl groups (C_6H_5) bonded to the ketone group. Thus, the condensed structural formula for diphenyl ketone is: \(C_6H_5CO C_6H_5\)
05

(e) methyl ethyl ether

To draw the condensed structural formula for methyl ethyl ether: 1. Identify the ether group: Ether is characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two carbons. 2. Identify the alkyl groups: Methyl and ethyl indicate the alkyl groups (CH_3 and CH_2CH_3) bonded to the oxygen atom. Thus, the condensed structural formula for methyl ethyl ether is: \(CH_3O CH_2CH_3\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a condensed structural formula for each of the following: (a) an acid with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2},\) (b) a cyclic ketone with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O},(\mathbf{c})\) a dihydroxy compound with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2},(\mathbf{d})\) a cyclic ester with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2} .\)

Aldehydes and ketones can be named in a systematic way by counting the number of carbon atoms (including the carbonyl carbon) that they contain. The name of the aldehyde or ketone is based on the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. The ending -al for aldehyde or -one for ketone is added as appropriate. Draw the structural formulas for the following aldehydes or ketones: (a) propanal, (b) 2-penta-none, (c) 3-methyl-2-butanone, (d) 2-methylbutanal.

Name or write the condensed structural formula for the following compounds: \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) } 4 \text { -methyl-2-pentene }} \\\ {\text { (b) } \text {cis}-2,5 \text { -dimethyl-3-hexene }} \\ {\text { (c) ortho-dimethylbenzene }}\\\\{\text { (d) } \mathrm{HC}=\mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}} \\ {\text { (e) } \text {trans}-\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}}\end{array}\end{equation}

(a) Draw the condensed structural formulas for the cis and trans isomers of 2 -pentene. (b) Can cyclopentene exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain. (c) Does 1 -pentyne have enantiomers? Explain.

The molar heat of combustion of gaseous cyclopropane is \(-2089 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol};\) that for gaseous cyclopentane is \(-3317 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Calculate the heat of combustion per \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group in the two cases, and account for the difference.
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