Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 24: Problem 83

(a) Draw the condensed structural formulas for the cis and trans isomers of 2 -pentene. (b) Can cyclopentene exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain. (c) Does 1 -pentyne have enantiomers? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Cis Isomer (2Z-pentene): CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3; Trans Isomer (2E-pentene): CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3. (b) Cyclopentene cannot exhibit cis-trans isomerism due to its rigid ring structure. (c) 1-pentyne does not have enantiomers as there are no chiral or asymmetric carbon atoms present in the molecule.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the structure of pentene

Pentene is a five-carbon molecule (C5) with a double bond (C=C). The 2 in 2-pentene denotes the double bond location, which is between the 2nd and 3rd carbon atoms.
02

Draw cis and trans isomers

For each isomer, draw a skeletal formula where the carbon chain, hydrogen atoms, and the double bond can be clearly seen. In the cis isomer, the two higher priority substituents (in this case, the two remaining carbon atoms) are on the same side of the double bond. For the trans isomer, they are on opposite sides. Cis Isomer (2Z-pentene): CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 (priorities on the same side) Trans Isomer (2E-pentene): CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 (priorities on opposite sides) #Part B: Cyclopentene and cis-trans isomerism#
03

Understand cyclopentene structure

Cyclopentene is a five-membered ring structure with a carbon double bond (C=C) within the ring.
04

Determine cis-trans isomerism in cyclopentene

Due to the ring structure, it isn't possible for the double bond to change geometrically. There can't be a cis or trans isomer because the substituents (the remaining carbon atoms) are all attached within the rigid ring structure. Therefore, cyclopentene does not exhibit cis-trans isomerism. #Part C: Enantiomers in 1-pentyne#
05

Understand the structure of 1-pentyne

Pentyne is a five-carbon (C5) molecule containing a triple bond (C≡C). The 1 in 1-pentyne denotes the position of the triple bond between the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms.
06

Determine enantiomers in 1-pentyne

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of a molecule. They usually arise due to chirality, which occurs in asymmetric molecules containing at least one carbon connected to four distinct groups. However, in 1-pentyne, there are no chiral or asymmetric carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in the molecule is either connected to only two or three different groups. Conclusion: 1-pentyne does not have enantiomers as there are no chiral or asymmetric carbon atoms present in the molecule.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) True or false: Alkenes undergo addition reactions and aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions. (b) Using condensed structural formulas, write the balanced equation for the reaction of 2 -pentene with Br\(_{2}\) and name the resulting compound. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction? (c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) with benzene to make paradichlorobenzene in the presence of \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\) as a catalyst. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction?

Draw all structural and geometric isomers of butene and name them.

Describe two ways in which the octane number of a gasoline consisting of alkanes can be increased.

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as \(1,2,3\) -trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as \(1,4\) -diamino-butane, the compound responsible for the odor of putre-fying fish, ( c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (a) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils.Draw the correct isomer.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Tryptophan is an aromatic amino acid. (b) Lysine is positively charged at pH \(7 .(\mathbf{c})\) Asparagine has two amide bonds. (d) Isoleucine and leucine are enantiomers. (e) Valine is probably more water-soluble than arginine.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free