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Chapter 24: Problem 88

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as \(1,2,3\) -trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as \(1,4\) -diamino-butane, the compound responsible for the odor of putre-fying fish, ( c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (a) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils.Draw the correct isomer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Nitroglycerin: C_3H_5(ONO_2)_3 (b) Putrescine: H_2N-(CH_2)_4-NH_2 (c) Cyclohexanone: \(\displaystyle C_{6} H_{10}{\rm{O}}\) (d) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene: \(\displaystyle C_{2}{F_{4}}\) (e) Oleic acid: \(\displaystyle CH_{3}( CH_{2})_{7} CH{=}CH( CH_{2})_{7}{\rm{COOH}}\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Nitroglycerin, also known as 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane

: 1. Identify the functional groups: Nitroglycerin has three nitroxy groups (the conjugate base of nitric acid) attached to a propane structure. 2. Draw the propane molecule: A propane molecule has 3 carbon atoms. 3. Attach the nitroxy groups: There are 3 nitroxy groups, one at each carbon (1, 2, and 3). 4. Draw the molecule: C_3H_5(ONO_2)_3
02

(b) Putrescine, also known as 1,4-diaminobutane

: 1. Identify the functional groups: Putrescine has two amine groups. 2. Draw the butane molecule: A butane molecule has 4 carbon atoms. 3. Attach the amine groups: There are two amine groups, one at carbon 1 and one at carbon 4. 4. Draw the molecule: H_2N-(CH_2)_4-NH_2
03

(c) Cyclohexanone

: 1. Identify the functional groups: Cyclohexanone has a ketone group. 2. Draw the cyclohexane molecule: A cyclohexane molecule has 6 carbon atoms in a ring. 3. Attach the ketone group: Replace one carbon-hydrogen bond with a carbon-oxygen double bond to form the ketone group. 4. Draw the molecule: \(\displaystyle C_{6} H_{10}{\rm{O}}\)
04

(d) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene

: 1. Identify the functional groups: 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene has four fluorine atoms and a C=C double bond. 2. Draw the ethene molecule: An ethene molecule has 2 carbon atoms and a double bond between them. 3. Attach the fluorine atoms: Replace four hydrogen atoms with fluorine (F) atoms, 2 on each carbon. 4. Draw the molecule: \(\displaystyle C_{2}{F_{4}}\)
05

(e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid

: 1. Identify the functional groups: Oleic acid has a carboxylic acid group, a cis-alkene group, and an alkyl chain. 2. Draw the main carbon backbone: An octadecenoic acid molecule has 18 carbon atoms. 3. Attach the carboxylic acid group: Replace the first carbon's hydrogen with a carboxyl group (COOH). 4. Attach the cis-alkene group: Create a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10. 5. Draw the molecule: \(\displaystyle CH_{3}( CH_{2})_{7} CH{=} CH( CH_{2})_{7}{\rm{COOH}}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An unknown substance is found to contain only carbon and hydrogen. It is a liquid that boils at \(49^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at 1 atm pressure. Upon analysis it is found to contain 85.7\(\%\) carbon and 14.3\(\%\) hydrogen by mass. At \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 735 torr, the vapor of this unknown has a density of 2.21 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L} .\) When it is dissolved in hexane solution and bromine water is added, no reaction occurs. What is the identity of the unknown compound?

The IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid is based on the name of the hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. The ending-oic is appended, as in ethanoic acid, which is the IUPAC name for acetic acid. Draw the structure of the following acids: (a) methanoic acid, (b) pentanoic acid, (c) 2-chloro-3-methyldecanoic acid.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) If you use data from Table 8.3 on bond enthalpies, you can show that the more \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds a molecule has compared to \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds, the more energy it can store. (b) Trans fats are saturated. ( c) Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids. (d) Monounsaturated fatty acids have one CC single bond in the chain, while the rest are double or triple bonds.

You have samples of four compounds: dimethyl ether, methane, difluoromethane, and ethanol. You measure the boiling points of the compounds as \(-128^{\circ} \mathrm{C},-52^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) \(-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) but then lose the labels for each sample. Make the following predictions: (a) Which compound boils at \(-128^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{b})\) Which boils at \(-52^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{c})\) Which boils at \(-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?(\mathbf{d})\) Which boils at \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

Name or write the condensed structural formula for the following compounds: \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) } 4 \text { -methyl-2-pentene }} \\\ {\text { (b) } \text {cis}-2,5 \text { -dimethyl-3-hexene }} \\ {\text { (c) ortho-dimethylbenzene }}\\\\{\text { (d) } \mathrm{HC}=\mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}} \\ {\text { (e) } \text {trans}-\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}}\end{array}\end{equation}
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