Write balanced chemical equations corresponding to each of the following descriptions: (a) Solid calcium carbide, \(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\) , reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide and acetylene gas, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\) . (b) When solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. (c) Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate. (d) When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form aqueous phosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}(a q)\), and aqueous hydrochloric acid. (e) When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resulting reaction produces solid iron(II) sulfide and gaseous water.

Step by step solution

01

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactants are solid calcium carbide (CaC2) and water (H2O). The products are an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and acetylene gas (C2H2).

02

Write the Unbalanced Equation

CaC2 (s) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + C2H2 (g)

03

Balance the Equation

To balance the equation, we'll adjust the number of reacting molecules: CaC2 (s) + 2 H2O → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + C2H2 (g) (b) Solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.

04

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactant is solid potassium chlorate (KClO3). The products are solid potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen gas (O2).

05

Write the Unbalanced Equation

KClO3 (s) → KCl (s) + O2 (g)

06

Balance the Equation

To balance the equation, we will adjust the number of reacting molecules: 2 KClO3 (s) → 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g) (c) Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate.

07

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactants are solid zinc metal (Zn) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The products are hydrogen gas (H2) and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).

08

Write the Unbalanced Equation

Zn (s) + H2SO4 → H2 (g) + ZnSO4 (aq)

09

Balance the Equation

In this case, the equation is already balanced, so no adjustments are needed. (d) When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form aqueous phosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}(a q)\), and aqueous hydrochloric acid.

10

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactants are liquid phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and water (H2O). The products are aqueous phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl).

11

Write the Unbalanced Equation

PCl3 (l) + H2O → H3PO3 (aq) + HCl (aq)

12

Balance the Equation

To balance the equation, we'll adjust the number of reacting molecules: PCl3 (l) + 3 H2O → H3PO3 (aq) + 3 HCl (aq) (e) When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resulting reaction produces solid iron(II) sulfide and gaseous water.

13

Write the Reactants and Products

The reactants are hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) and solid hot iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). The products are solid iron(II) sulfide (FeS) and gaseous water (H2O).

14

Write the Unbalanced Equation

H2S (g) + Fe(OH)3 (s) → FeS (s) + H2O (g)

15

Balance the Equation

To balance the equation, we'll adjust the number of reacting molecules: 3 H2S (g) + 2 Fe(OH)3 (s) → 2 FeS (s) + 6 H2O (g)

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