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Chapter 4: Problem 13

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity because elec- }} \\ {\text { trons are moving through the solution. }} \\ {\text { (b) If you add a nonelectrolyte to an aqueous solution that }} \\ {\text { already contains an electrolyte, the electrical conduc- }} \\ {\text { tivity will not change. }}\end{array} \end{equation}

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statement (a): False. Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity due to the movement of ions in the solution, not electrons. Statement (b): False. Adding a nonelectrolyte to an electrolyte solution will cause a decrease in the electrical conductivity, as the additional molecules interfere with the movement of the electrolyte's ions.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a):

Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity because electrons are moving through the solution. First, we need to understand that electrolyte solutions are solutions with dissolved ions. These ions are responsible for the electrical conductivity of the solution. The statement is claiming that the conductivity comes from electrons moving through the solution. This statement is false. Although electrons are responsible for electrical conductivity in metals, electrolyte solutions conduct electricity due to the movement of ions in the solution. When an electrical potential is applied across the solution, the ions will move towards the opposite charges, leading to the flow of electricity.
02

Statement (b):

If you add a nonelectrolyte to an aqueous solution that already contains an electrolyte, the electrical conductivity will not change. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. This is because it does not break up into ions in solution. Now we are assessing the impact of adding a nonelectrolyte to a solution with an electrolyte already in it. This statement is false. When a nonelectrolyte is added to an electrolyte solution, the additional molecules will interfere with the movement of the electrolyte's ions. Thus, the original ions are less able to move freely, causing a decrease in the electrical conductivity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Glycerol, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{3},\) is a substance used extensively in the manufacture of cosmetic s, foodstuffs, antifreeze, and plastics. Glycerol is a water-soluble liquid with a density of 1.2656 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}\) at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . Calculate the molarity of a solution of glycerol made by dissolving 50.000 \(\mathrm{mL}\) glycerol at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in enough water to make 250.00 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of solution.

The concept of chemical equilibrium is very important. Which one of the following statements is the most correct way to think about equilibrium? (a) If a system is at equilibrium, nothing is happening. (b) If a system is at equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the back reaction. (c) If a system is at equilibrium, the product concentration is changing over time. Section 4.1\(]\)

(a) A strontium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving 12.50 g of \(\operatorname{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) in water to make 50.00 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of solution. What is the molarity of this solution? (b) Next the strontium hydroxide solution prepared in part (a) is used to titrate a nitric acid solution of unknown concentration. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction between strontium hydroxide and nitric acid solutions. (c) If 23.9 mL of the strontium hydroxide solution was needed to neutralize a 37.5 mL aliquot of the nitric acid solution, what is the concentration (molarity) of the acid?

Formic acid, HCOOH, is a weak electrolyte. What solutes are present in an aqueous solution of this compound? Write the chemical equation for the ionization of HCOOH.

Explain how a redox reaction involves electrons in the same way that a neutralization reaction involves protons. [Sections 4.3 and 4.4]
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