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Chapter 4: Problem 22

Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble in water: \((\mathbf{a})\mathrm{AgI},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{BaCl}_{2},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$$(\mathbf{e})\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}\right)_{2}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Based on the solubility rules, the compounds can be predicted as follows: - \(\mathrm{AgI}\) is insoluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3}\) is soluble in water. - \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) is soluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Al(OH)}_{3}\) is insoluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Zn(CH}_{3}\mathrm{COO})_{2}\) is soluble in water.

Step by step solution

01

List the solubility rules

Solubility rules: 1. All nitrates, acetates, and perchlorates are soluble. 2. All alkali metal compounds and ammonium compounds are soluble. 3. Most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble, except those of silver (Ag), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). 4. Most sulfates are soluble, except those of calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). 5. Most carbonates, sulfides, phosphates, and hydroxides are insoluble, except those of alkali metals and ammonium. 6. Most oxides are insoluble, except those of alkali metals, ammonium, and some transition metals.
02

Determine the solubility of \(\mathrm{AgI}\)

According to rule 3, most iodides are soluble except those of silver (Ag). Since \(\mathrm{AgI}\) is a silver iodide, it is insoluble in water.
03

Determine the solubility of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3}\)

According to rule 2, all alkali metal compounds are soluble. Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal, so \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3}\) is soluble in water.
04

Determine the solubility of \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\)

According to rule 3, most chlorides are soluble, except those of Ag, Pb, and Hg. Barium (Ba) is not one of these exceptions, so \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) is soluble in water.
05

Determine the solubility of \(\mathrm{Al(OH)}_{3}\)

According to rule 5, most hydroxides are insoluble, except those of alkali metals and ammonium. Since aluminum (Al) is not an alkali metal or ammonium, \(\mathrm{Al(OH)}_{3}\) is insoluble in water.
06

Determine the solubility of \(\mathrm{Zn(CH}_{3}\mathrm{COO})_{2}\)

According to rule 1, all acetates are soluble. The anion in this compound is an acetate ion, so \(\mathrm{Zn(CH}_{3}\mathrm{COO})_{2}\) is soluble in water. Now that we have analyzed the solubility of each compound, we can conclude that: - \(\mathrm{AgI}\) is insoluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3}\) is soluble in water. - \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) is soluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Al(OH)}_{3}\) is insoluble in water. - \(\mathrm{Zn(CH}_{3}\mathrm{COO})_{2}\) is soluble in water.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be acidic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of NaCl of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be: KOH, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{HNO}_{3}, \mathrm{KClO}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}(\) acetone)?

Specify what ions are present upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (a) \(\mathrm{MgI}_{2,}\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3,}$$(\mathbf{c})$$\mathrm{HClO}_{4,}\) \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{NaCH}_{3} \mathrm{COO.}\)

Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following substances: (a) barium sulfate, \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}\) (b) sulfurous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3},(\mathbf{c})\) strontium sulfide, \(\mathrm{SrS},(\mathbf{d})\) hydrogen sulfide, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S} .\) (e) Locate sulfur in the periodic table in Exercise 4.47; what region is it in? (f) Which region(s) of the periodic table contains elements that can adopt both positive and negative oxidation numbers?

Classify each of the following aqueous solutions as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte: (a) \(\mathrm{LiClO}_{4}\), (b) \(\mathrm{HClO}\), (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (propanol), \((\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{HClO}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\), \((\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\) (sucrose).

Specify what ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following substances in water: (a) \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{2}\) ,\((\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{HNO}_{3,}(\mathbf{c})\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2.}\)
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