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Chapter 4: Problem 49

Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: (a) \(\sin \mathrm{SO}_{2},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Cin} \mathrm{COCl}_{2}\) , (c) \(\mathrm{Mn}\) in \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Brin} \mathrm{HBrO},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{P}\) in \(\mathrm{PF}_{3},(\mathbf{f}) \mathrm{O}\) in \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The oxidation numbers for the indicated elements in the given substances are as follows: (a) \(S\) in \(SO_2\) is +4. (b) \(C\) in \(COCl_2\) is +4. (c) \(Mn\) in \(KMnO_4\) is +7. (d) \(Br\) in \(HBrO\) is +1. (e) \(P\) in \(PF_3\) is +3. (f) \(O\) in \(K_2O_2\) is -1.

Step by step solution

01

(Rule of Oxidation Numbers)

Rules to find the oxidation number are: 1. The oxidation number of an atom in its elemental form is always 0. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. 3. The sum of the oxidation numbers of the elements in a compound must equal the overall charge of the compound. 4. Halogens usually have an oxidation number of -1. 5. The oxidation number of oxygen is generally -2, and hydrogen is generally +1. Now we apply these rules to each substance:
02

(a) Oxidation number of \(S\) in \(SO_2\))

Sulfur is bonded to two oxygen atoms, which typically have an oxidation number of -2 each. As there are no charges in \(SO_2\), the sum of all oxidation numbers should be zero. Let oxidation number of S = x. So, x + 2(-2) = 0 x - 4 = 0 x = 4 The oxidation number of \(S\) in \(SO_2\) is +4.
03

(b) Oxidation number of \(C\) in \(COCl_2\))

Carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom (-2) and two chlorine atoms (-1 each). Again, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero. Let oxidation number of C = x. So, x - 2 - 1 - 1 = 0 x - 4 = 0 x = 4 The oxidation number of \(C\) in \(COCl_2\) is +4.
04

(c) Oxidation number of \(Mn\) in \(KMnO_4\))

Manganese is bonded to four oxygen atoms (-2 each) and a potassium atom (+1). The sum of the oxidation numbers equals zero. Let oxidation number of Mn = x. So, x + 4(-2) + 1 = 0 x - 8 + 1 = 0 x - 7 = 0 x = 7 The oxidation number of \(Mn\) in \(KMnO_4\) is +7.
05

(d) Oxidation number of \(Br\) in \(HBrO\))

Bromine is bonded to one oxygen atom (-2) and one hydrogen atom (+1). The sum of the oxidation numbers equals zero. Let oxidation number of Br = x. So, x - 2 + 1 = 0 x - 1= 0 x = 1 The oxidation number of \(Br\) in \(HBrO\) is +1.
06

(e) Oxidation number of \(P\) in \(PF_3\))

Phosphorus is bonded to three fluorine atoms (-1 each). The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero. Let oxidation number of P = x. So, x - 1 - 1 - 1 = 0 x - 3 = 0 x = 3 The oxidation number of \(P\) in \(PF_3\) is +3.
07

(f) Oxidation number of \(O\) in \(K_2O_2\))

Oxygen atom is bonded to two potassium atoms (+1 each). The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero. Since there are two oxygen atoms, let oxidation number of each O be x. 2x + 2(1) = 0 2x + 2 = 0 2x = -2 x = -1 The oxidation number of \(O\) in \(K_2O_2\) is -1.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solutions: (a) 0.25\(M\) NaNO \(_{3}\) , (b) \(1.3 \times 10^{-2} M \mathrm{MgSO}_{4},(\mathbf{c}) 0.0150 M \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6},(\mathbf{d})\) a mixture of 45.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of 0.272 \(\mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) and 65.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) of 0.0247 \(\mathrm{M}\) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} .\) Assume that the volumes are additive.

The metal cadmium tends to form \(\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}\) ions. The following observations are made: (i) When a strip of zinc metal is placed in \(\mathrm{CdCl}_{2}(a q),\) cadmium metal is deposited on the strip. (ii) When a strip of cadmium metal is placed in \(\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q),\) nickel metal is deposited on the strip. (a) Write net ionic equations to explain each of the preceding observations. (b) Which elements more closely define the position of cadmium in the activity series? (c) What experiments would you need to perform to locate more precisely the position of cadmium in the activity series?

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