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Chapter 5: Problem 22

In a thermodynamic study, a scientist focuses on the properties of a solution in an apparatus as illustrated. A solution is continuously flowing into the apparatus at the top and out at the bottom, such that the amount of solution in the apparatus is constant with time. (a) Is the solution in the apparatus a closed system, open system, or isolated system? (b) If the inlet and outlet were closed, what type of system would it be?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The solution in the apparatus is an \(open\) system since it can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings. (b) If the inlet and outlet were closed, the system would become a \(closed\) system as it can still potentially exchange energy with its surroundings, but not matter.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Closed, Open, and Isolated Systems

In thermodynamics, there are three types of systems based on the exchange of matter and energy with their surroundings: 1. Closed system: A system that can exchange energy, but not matter, with its surroundings. 2. Open system: A system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings. 3. Isolated system: A system that cannot exchange either matter or energy with its surroundings.
02

Identify the Type of System in the Apparatus (a)

In the given system, a solution is continuously flowing into the apparatus at the top and out at the bottom. This implies that there is an exchange of matter happening between the system and its surroundings. Since matter is being exchanged, it cannot be a closed or isolated system. Therefore, the solution in the apparatus is an open system.
03

Identify the Type of System If Inlet and Outlet Were Closed (b)

If the inlet and outlet were closed, the solution would no longer flow into or out of the apparatus. This means that the exchange of matter between the system and its surroundings is stopped. However, there is no information that suggests that the exchange of energy is stopped as well. So, if the inlet and outlet were closed, the system would become a closed system as it can still potentially exchange energy with its surroundings.

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