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Chapter 7: Problem 108

We will see in Chapter 12 that semiconductors are materials that conduct electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. The only two elements in the periodic table that are technologically useful semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Integrated circuits in computer chips today are based on silicon. Compound semiconductors are also used in the electronics industry. Examples are gallium arsenide, GaAs; gallium phosphide, GaP; cadmium sulfide, CdS; and cadmium selenide, CdSe. (a) What is the relationship between the compound semiconductors’ compositions and the positions of their elements on the periodic table relative to Si and Ge? (b) Workers in the semiconductor industry refer to "II–VI" and "III–V" materials, using Roman numerals. Can you identify which compound semiconductors are II–VI and which are III–V? (c) Suggest other compositions of compound semiconductors based on the positions of their elements in the periodic table.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The relationship between compound semiconductors' compositions and the positions of their elements on the periodic table relative to Si and Ge is that they are formed by combining elements from nearby groups. GaAs and GaP are III-V compounds, while CdS and CdSe are II-VI compounds. Other possible compound semiconductor compositions include InP, AlAs, AlP (III-V compounds), and ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdTe (II-VI compounds).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the position of Si and Ge on the periodic table

Si and Ge are in Group 14 of the periodic table. Si is located at Period 3 and Ge is located at Period 4. Observing the elements mentioned in the problem, we see other elements from Group 13 (III) to Group 16 (VI).
02

Relationship between compound semiconductors and Si, Ge

Compound semiconductors are created by combining elements from other groups in the periodic table with Si and Ge. The resulting compounds have similar properties to Si and Ge regarding their ability to conduct electricity.
03

Identify II–VI and III–V compound semiconductors

The names II–VI and III–V come from the groups of the elements that form the compound. For example, if a compound is formed from a Group II element and a Group VI element, it is an II–VI compound. - GaAs and GaP are III–V compounds (Ga belongs to Group 13, or Group III in Roman numeral, and As and P belong to Group 15, or Group V in Roman numeral). - CdS and CdSe are II–VI compounds (Cd belongs to Group 12, or Group II in Roman numeral, and S and Se belong to Group 16, or Group VI in Roman numeral).
04

Suggest other compound semiconductor compositions

To suggest other compound semiconductor compositions, we can try combining other elements from Group 13 with Group 15 elements, and Group 12 elements with Group 16 elements: - III-V Compound Semiconductors: Indium phosphide (InP), aluminum arsenide (AlAs), aluminum phosphide (AlP) - II-VI Compound Semiconductors: Zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), zinc telluride (ZnTe), cadmium telluride (CdTe)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the stable elements through lead (Z = 82). In how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements out of order relative to the atomic numbers of the elements?

Detailed calculations show that the value of \(Z_{\text { eff }}\) for the outermost electrons in Na and \(K\) atoms is \(2.51+\) and \(3.49+\) respectively. (a) What value do you estimate for \(Z_{\text { eff }}\) experienced by the outermost electron in both Na and K by assuming core electrons contribute 1.00 and valence electrons contribute 0.00 to the screening constant? (b) What values do you estimate for \(Z_{\text { eff }}\) using Slater's rules? (c) Which approach gives a more accurate estimate of \(Z_{\text { eff? }}\) (d) Does either method of approximation account for the gradual increase in \(Z_{\text { eff }}\) that occurs upon moving down a group? (e) Predict \(Z_{\text { eff }}\) for the outermost electrons in the Rb atom based on the calculations for Na and K.

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