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Chapter 7: Problem 25

Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of atoms in order from largest to smallest: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{K},\) Li, \(\mathrm{Cs} ;(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Pb}, \mathrm{Sn}, \mathrm{Si} ;(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{F},\) \(\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{N} .\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Using the periodic table and atomic trends, the order of the elements from largest to smallest can be arranged as follows: (a) \(\mathrm{Cs, K, Li}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Pb, Sn, Si}\) (c) \(\mathrm{N, O, F}\)

Step by step solution

01

Identifying atomic trends relating to size

We must first understand that within the periodic table, atomic size increases as we move from right to left and from top to bottom. In other words, elements located towards the bottom and left side of the table are larger. This will help us arrange the elements according to their size.
02

Locating elements and analyzing their size

On the periodic table, K, Li, and Cs are alkali metals and found in Group 1. K (potassium) is in Period 4, Li (lithium) is in Period 2, and Cs (cesium) is in Period 6. As atomic size increases from top to bottom, we can determine that Cs is the largest element among the three and Li is the smallest.
03

Listing elements in order

Now that we have analyzed the size of these elements based on their position in the periodic table, we can arrange them in order from largest to smallest: Cs, K, Li. For set (b): \(\mathrm{Pb}\), \(\mathrm{Sn}\), \(\mathrm{Si}\)
04

Identifying atomic trends relating to size

As described earlier, atomic size increases from right to left and from top to bottom. This trend will help us arrange the elements of this set according to their size.
05

Locating elements and analyzing their size

In the periodic table, Pb (lead) is in Group 14 and Period 6, Sn (tin) is in Group 14 and Period 5, and Si (silicon) is in Group 14 and Period 3. Since atomic size increases from top to bottom, we can determine that Pb is the largest element among them and Si is the smallest.
06

Listing elements in order

With the sizes determined based on their position in the periodic table, we can arrange these elements in order from largest to smallest: Pb, Sn, Si. For set (c): \(\mathrm{F}\), \(\mathrm{O}\), \(\mathrm{N}\)
07

Identifying atomic trends relating to size

Again, we will follow the atomic size trend of increasing from right to left and from top to bottom in the periodic table.
08

Locating elements and analyzing their size

On the periodic table, F (fluorine) is in Group 17 and Period 2, O (oxygen) is in Group 16 and Period 2, and N (nitrogen) is in Group 15 and Period 2. As atomic size increases from right to left, we can determine that N is the largest element in the set, and F is the smallest.
09

Listing elements in order

Having analyzed the size of these elements based on their position in the periodic table, we can arrange them in order from largest to smallest: N, O, F.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the electron configurations for the following ions, and determine which have noble-gas configurations: \((\mathbf{a})\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) \((\mathbf{b})\mathrm{Sn}^{2+},(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{Zr}^{4+},(\mathbf{d}) \mathrm{Ag}^{+},(\mathbf{e}) \mathrm{S}^{2-}.\)

Little is known about the properties of astatine, At, because of its rarity and high radioactivity. Nevertheless, it is possible for us to make many predictions about its properties. (a) Do you expect the element to be a gas, liquid, or solid at room temperature? Explain. (b) Would you expect At to be a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? Explain. (c) What is the chemical formula of the compound it forms with Na?

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