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Chapter 7: Problem 37

Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies of an aluminum atom. Which process would require the least amount of energy?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The first, second, and third ionization energies of an aluminum atom are represented by the following equations: 1. First Ionization Energy: \(Al(g) \rightarrow Al^+(g) + e^-\) 2. Second Ionization Energy: \(Al^+(g) \rightarrow Al^{2+}(g) + e^-\) 3. Third Ionization Energy: \(Al^{2+}(g) \rightarrow Al^{3+}(g) + e^-\) The process that requires the least amount of energy is the first ionization energy, as it is easier to remove an electron from a neutral atom than from an ionized atom with a higher positive charge.

Step by step solution

01

First Ionization Energy

The process of removing the first electron from the aluminum atom. \(Al(g) \rightarrow Al^+(g) + e^-\)
02

Second Ionization Energy

After the first electron has been removed, the process of removing the second electron from the resultant ion: \(Al^+(g) \rightarrow Al^{2+}(g) + e^-\)
03

Third Ionization Energy

After the removal of the first and second electrons, the process of removing the third electron from the resultant ion: \(Al^{2+}(g) \rightarrow Al^{3+}(g) + e^-\)
04

Least Energy Required

The process that would require the least amount of energy is the first ionization energy. This is because it is easier to remove an electron from a neutral atom than from an ionized atom with a higher positive charge. The higher positive charge attracts the remaining electrons more strongly, requiring more energy to remove them.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify each statement as true or false: (a) Cations are larger than their corresponding neutral atoms. (b) Li \(^{+}\) is smaller than Li. (c) \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) is bigger than \(\mathrm{I}^{-}.\)

The As\(-\)As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 A. The \(\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{Cl}\) bond length in \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) is 1.99 A. (a) Based on these data, what is the predicted \(\mathrm{As}-\mathrm{Cl}\) bond length in arsenic trichloride, \(A s C l_{3},\) in which each of the three Cl atoms is bonded to the As atom? (b) What bond length is predicted for \(A s C l_{3},\) , using the atomic radii in Figure 7.7?

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The first ionization energy of the oxygen molecule is the energy required for the following process: $$\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}_{2}^{+}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-}$$ The energy needed for this process is 1175 \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) , very similar to the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Xe} .\) Would you expect \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) to react with \(\mathrm{F}_{2} ?\) If so, suggest a product or products of this reaction.
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