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Chapter 1: Problem 68

Ethyl chloride is sold as a liquid (see photo) under pressure for use as a local skin anesthetic. Ethyl chloride boils at \(12^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at atmospheric pressure. When the liquid is sprayed onto the skin, it boils off, cooling and numbing the skin as it vaporizes. (a) What changes of state are involved in this use of ethyl chloride? (b) What is the boiling point of ethyl chloride in degrees Fahrenheit? (c) The bottle shown contains $103.5 \mathrm{~mL}\( of ethyl chloride. The density of ethyl chloride at \)25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\( is \)0.765 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .$ What is the mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The change of state involved in the use of ethyl chloride as an anesthetic is from liquid to vapor. (b) The boiling point of ethyl chloride in degrees Fahrenheit is \(F = \frac{9}{5} \times 12 + 32 = 53.6^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\). (c) The mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle is calculated as Mass = 103.5 cm³ × 0.765 g/cm³ ≈ 79.2 g.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the changes of state

Ethyl chloride boils at 12°C at atmospheric pressure and is used as a local skin anesthetic. When it is sprayed onto the skin, it vaporizes. So, the change of state involved in this process is: Liquid ethyl chloride → Vapor ethyl chloride
02

Convert boiling point from Celsius to Fahrenheit

To convert the boiling point of ethyl chloride from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we can use the following formula: \(F = \frac{9}{5} C + 32\) where F is the temperature in Fahrenheit, and C is the temperature in Celsius. Given the boiling point of ethyl chloride in Celsius is 12°C, we can find the boiling point in Fahrenheit as follows: \(F = \frac{9}{5} \times 12 + 32\) Calculate the value of F to find the boiling point in Fahrenheit.
03

Calculate the mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle

We are given the volume of ethyl chloride in the bottle (103.5 mL) and its density at 25°C (0.765 g/cm³). We can use the following formula to find the mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle: Mass = Volume × Density First, let's convert the volume from mL to cm³ as 1 mL = 1 cm³. So, the volume of ethyl chloride is 103.5 cm³. Now, let's find the mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle: Mass = 103.5 cm³ × 0.765 g/cm³ Calculate the mass of ethyl chloride in the bottle.

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