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Chapter 1: Problem 74

Which of the following would you characterize as pure or nearly pure substance? (a) stomach acid; (b) dry ice; (c) ice-cream; (d) stainless steel; (e) petroleum; (f) distilled water; \((\mathbf{g})\) carbon monoxide gas; \((\mathbf{h})\) compressed air in balloon.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Among the given substances, (b) dry ice, (f) distilled water, and (g) carbon monoxide gas can be characterized as pure or nearly pure substances. Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2), distilled water is composed of mostly water molecules (H2O), and carbon monoxide gas consists of CO molecules. These substances have a uniform composition and are composed of only one type of particle or molecule, making them pure or nearly pure.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Stomach Acid

Stomach acid is a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl). It also contains various enzymes and secretions from the stomach lining. Since stomach acid has multiple components, it is not a pure or nearly pure substance.
02

(b) Dry Ice

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is composed of only CO2 molecules and has a uniform composition, making it a pure or nearly pure substance.
03

(c) Ice-Cream

Ice-cream is a mixture of milk, sugar, and flavorings such as fruits, chocolate, or vanilla. It has multiple components and a non-uniform composition, so it is not a pure or nearly pure substance.
04

(d) Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is an alloy made of iron, chromium, and other elements such as carbon, nickel, and molybdenum. Since it is a mixture of multiple elements, it is not a pure or nearly pure substance.
05

(e) Petroleum

Petroleum is a mixture of various hydrocarbon compounds, such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic compounds. It also contains other elements like nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Because of its complex composition, petroleum is not a pure or nearly pure substance.
06

(f) Distilled Water

Distilled water is a nearly pure substance composed of water molecules (H2O). The distillation process removes most impurities and dissolved solids, resulting in a uniform composition throughout. However, it is tough to obtain 100% pure water, but it is still considered nearly pure.
07

(g) Carbon Monoxide Gas

Carbon monoxide gas is formed from carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms, and each molecule has the formula CO. It has a uniform composition and is considered a pure or nearly pure substance.
08

(h) Compressed Air in a Balloon

Compressed air in a balloon is a mixture of gases, primarily composed of nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), argon (Ar), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Since it has multiple components and no uniform composition, it is not a pure or nearly pure substance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Carry out the following operations and express the answers with the appropriate number of significant numbers. (a) \(43.029+0.02348\) (b) \(952.72-73.4201\) (c) \(\left(2.93 \times 10^{3}\right)(0.732)\) (d) \(0.06324 / 0.624\)

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