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Chapter 1: Problem 92

Judge the following statements as true or false. If you believe a statement to be false, provide a corrected version. (a) Air and water are both elements. (b) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound. (c) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot. (d) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter. (e) When yellow stains in a kitchen sink are treated with bleach water, the disappearance of the stains is due to a physical change. (f) A hypothesis is more weakly supported by experimental evidence than a theory. (g) The number 0.0033 has more significant figures than 0.033 . (h) Conversion factors used in converting units always have a numerical value of one. (i) Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False. Air and water are both compounds, not elements. (b) False. Mixtures can contain just elements, just compounds, or a combination of both. (c) True. Compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements or simpler compounds through chemical reactions. (d) True. Elements can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, depending on temperature and pressure. (e) False. The disappearance of the stains is due to a chemical change, not a physical change. (f) True. A hypothesis is less supported by experimental evidence than a theory. (g) False. Both numbers have the same number of significant figures, which is two. (h) True. Conversion factors used in converting units always have a numerical value of one. (i) True. Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Air and water are both elements.

This statement is false. Air and water are both compounds, not elements. Air is a mixture of various gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Water is a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O).
02

(b) All mixtures contain at least one element and one compound.

This statement is false. Mixtures can contain just elements, just compounds, or a combination of both. For example, a mixture of hydrogen and helium (both elements) does not contain any compounds.
03

(c) Compounds can be decomposed into two or more other substances; elements cannot.

This statement is true. Compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements or simpler compounds through chemical reactions.
04

(d) Elements can exist in any of the three states of matter.

This statement is true. Elements can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, depending on the temperature and pressure. For instance, water can exist as solid ice, liquid water, or gaseous steam.
05

(e) When yellow stains in a kitchen sink are treated with bleach water, the disappearance of the stains is due to a physical change.

This statement is false. The disappearance of the stains is due to a chemical change. Bleach reacts with the substances causing the stain and changes its chemical composition, resulting in the stain's removal.
06

(f) A hypothesis is more weakly supported by experimental evidence than a theory.

This statement is true. A hypothesis is an initial idea or explanation that has not been extensively tested or proven, while a theory is a well-supported explanation that has been repeatedly tested and verified through experiments and observations.
07

(g) The number 0.0033 has more significant figures than 0.033.

This statement is false. Both numbers have the same number of significant figures, which is two. In 0.0033, the first two zeros are not significant; they only indicate the decimal position. The same is true for the zero in 0.033.
08

(h) Conversion factors used in converting units always have a numerical value of one.

This statement is true. Conversion factors are ratios that allow us to convert between units. They always have a numerical value of one because we are essentially multiplying the original value by a fraction: the same value in different units in the numerator and denominator.
09

(i) Compounds always contain at least two different elements.

This statement is true. Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio. If there is only one element present, it is not a compound.

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