Does the effect of intermolecular attraction on the properties of a gas become more significant or less significant if (a) the gas is compressed to a smaller volume at constant temperature; \((\mathbf{b})\) the temperature of the gas is increased at constant volume?

Short Answer

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The effect of intermolecular attraction on the properties of a gas becomes more significant when the gas is compressed to a smaller volume at constant temperature, as the increased proximity of gas particles leads to an increased frequency of collisions and a greater chance for intermolecular attractive forces to play a role. Conversely, the effect of intermolecular attraction becomes less significant when the temperature of the gas is increased at constant volume, as the increased kinetic energy of the gas particles allows them to overcome the attractive forces between them.

Step by step solution

01

Intermolecular attraction refers to the forces between molecules in a substance. Gases are composed of particles that are in constant motion and relatively far apart. As a result, the forces of attraction between gas particles are generally weak compared to those in liquids and solids. However, under certain conditions, these intermolecular forces may become significant and affect the properties of the gas. #Step 2: Analyze the Effect of Compression at Constant Temperature#

When a gas is compressed to a smaller volume at constant temperature, the particles of the gas come closer together. This increased proximity of gas particles leads to an increased frequency of collisions and a greater chance for the intermolecular attractive forces to become significant. As the particles get closer together, the effect of intermolecular attraction on the properties of the gas becomes more significant. #Step 3: Analyze the Effect of Increasing Temperature at Constant Volume#
02

When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant volume, the kinetic energy of the gas particles increases. As a result, the gas particles move faster and are more likely to overcome the attractive forces between them. In this case, the effect of intermolecular attraction on the properties of the gas becomes less significant due to the increased kinetic energy of the particles. #Step 4: Summarize the Results#

To summarize, the effect of intermolecular attraction on the properties of a gas becomes more significant when the gas is compressed to a smaller volume at constant temperature, and less significant when the temperature is increased at constant volume.

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