Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 11: Problem 56

Appendix \(\mathrm{B}\) lists the vapor pressure of water at various external pressures. (a) Plot the data in Appendix B,vapor pressure versus temperature $\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) .$ From your plot, estimate the vapor pressure of water at body temperature, \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (b) Explain the significance of the data point at $101.3 \mathrm{kPa}, 100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .(\mathbf{c}) \mathrm{A}\( city at an altitude of \)1525 \mathrm{~m}$ above sea level has a barometric pressure of \(84.3 \mathrm{kPa}\). To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city? (d) A city at an altitude of \(150 \mathrm{~m}\) below sea level would have a barometric pressure of \(103.14 \mathrm{kPa}\). To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) By plotting the data in Appendix B and estimating from the graph, the vapor pressure of water at body temperature (\(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)) is approximately \(6.3 \mathrm{kPa}\). (b) The data point at \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}, 100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) represents the standard boiling point of water at sea level, since the external pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure. (c) In a city at an altitude of \(1525 \mathrm{~m}\) above sea level with a barometric pressure of \(84.3 \mathrm{kPa}\), water would boil at approximately \(95^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) based on the graph. (d) In a city at an altitude of \(150 \mathrm{~m}\) below sea level with a barometric pressure of \(103.14 \mathrm{kPa}\), water would boil at approximately \(101^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) based on the graph.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Estimate the vapor pressure of water at body temperature

To do this, follow these steps: 1. Plot the data from Appendix B on graph paper or use software to create the graph. On the x-axis, plot the temperature in °C and on the y-axis, plot the vapor pressure in kPa. 2. Use a smooth curve to connect the points and estimate the vapor pressure of water at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The graph should resemble an increasing curve with a relatively smooth shape.
02

(b) Significance of the data point at \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}, 100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

At this data point, the external pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure (\(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}\)). At this pressure, water boils at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). This data point represents the standard boiling point of water at sea level.
03

(c) Boiling temperature of water at \(1525 \mathrm{~m}\) above sea level

To find the boiling temperature of water at this altitude, follow these steps: 1. Use the given barometric pressure, \(84.3 \mathrm{kPa}\), as the external pressure. 2. Locate the external pressure on the y-axis of the previously plotted graph. Find the corresponding temperature on the x-axis. 3. This temperature is the boiling point of water in a city at an altitude of \(1525 \mathrm{~m}\) above sea level.
04

(d) Boiling temperature of water at \(150 \mathrm{~m}\) below sea level

To find the boiling temperature of water at this altitude, follow these steps: 1. Use the given barometric pressure, \(103.14 \mathrm{kPa}\), as the external pressure. 2. Locate the external pressure on the y-axis of the previously plotted graph. Find the corresponding temperature on the x-axis. 3. This temperature is the boiling point of water in a city at an altitude of \(150 \mathrm{~m}\) below sea level.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

It often happens that a substance possessing a smectic liquid crystalline phase just above the melting point passes into a nematic liquid crystalline phase at a higher temperature. Account for this type of behavior.

True or false: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) is more volatile than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (b) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher boiling point than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (c) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has weaker intermolecular forces than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\).

Which of the following affects the vapor pressure of a liquid? (a) Volume of the liquid, \((\mathbf{b})\) surface area, \((\mathbf{c})\) intermolecular attractive forces, (d) temperature, (e) density of the liquid.

True or false: (a) Molecules containing polar bonds must be polar molecules and have dipole-dipole forces. (b) For the halogen gases, the dispersion forces decrease while the boiling points increase as you go down the column in the periodic table. (c) In terms of the total attractive forces for a given substance, the more polar bonds there are in a molecule, the stronger the dipole-dipole interaction. \(\mathbf{d}\) ) All other factors being the same, total attractive forces between linear molecules are greater than those between molecules whose shapes are nearly spherical. (e) The more electronegative the atom, the more polarizable it is.

(a) How does the average kinetic energy of molecules compare with the average energy of attraction between molecules in solids, liquids, and gases? (b) Why does increasing the temperature cause a solid substance to change in succession from a solid to a liquid to a gas? (c) What happens to a gas if you put it under extremely high pressure?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free