Suppose you have two colorless molecular liquids A and B whose boiling points are \(78^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(112^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) respectively and both are at atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements is correct? For each statement that is not correct, modify the statement so that it is correct. (a) Both A and \(B\) are liquids with identical vapor pressure at room temperature of \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .(\mathbf{b})\) Liquid A must consist of nonpo- (c) Both lar molecules with lower molecular weight than B. liquids A and \(B\) have higher total intermolecular forces than water. (d) Liquid \(\mathrm{A}\) is more volatile than liquid \(\mathrm{B}\) because it has a lower boiling point. (e) At \(112^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) both liquids have a vapor pressure of $1 \mathrm{~atm}$.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (A) Correctness and Correction

Statement (A) says that both liquid A and B have identical vapor pressure at room temperature of \(25^{\circ}{\rm C}\). This statement is not necessarily correct since we are provided with only boiling points (not enough information). A correct statement could be: "Both liquid A and B have different vapor pressures at room temperature of \(25^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\), which depends on their molecular structures and intermolecular forces."

02

Statement (B) Correctness and Correction

Statement (B) says that liquid A must consist of nonpolar molecules with lower molecular weight than B. This statement is not correct because we cannot infer the type of molecule from the boiling point. A correct statement could be: "Liquid A has a lower boiling point than B, but we cannot infer the type of molecule or molecular weight from the boiling points alone."

03

Statement (C) Correctness and Correction

Statement (C) says that both liquids A and B have higher total intermolecular forces than water. This statement is not correct since we cannot infer this information from the given boiling points. A correct statement could be: "Liquids A and B have different boiling points, which is related to the strength of their intermolecular forces, but we cannot compare their forces with water without additional information."

04

Statement (D) Correctness and Correction

Statement (D) says that liquid A is more volatile than liquid B because it has a lower boiling point. This statement is correct. A lower boiling point is an indication of weaker intermolecular forces, which results in a higher vapor pressure and greater volatility.

05

Statement (E) Correctness and Correction

Statement (E) says that at \(112^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\) both liquids have a vapor pressure of 1 atm. This statement is not correct as we know that liquid B has a boiling point of \(112^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\), which means that its vapor pressure is 1 atm at this temperature, but we have no information on the vapor pressure of liquid A at this temperature. A correct statement could be: "At \(112^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\), liquid B has a vapor pressure of 1 atm, but we cannot determine the vapor pressure of liquid A without additional information."

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