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Chapter 12: Problem 15

Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: \((\mathbf{a}) \mathrm{B},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{Li},\) (c) \(\mathrm{LiCl}\) (d) diethylether $\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\right)\(, (e) chloroform (CHCl \)_{3}\( ), (f) \)\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The types of solids for the given compounds are: a) Boron (B) - Covalent-network solid b) Lithium (Li) - Metallic solid c) Lithium chloride (LiCl) - Ionic solid d) Diethylether (C4H10O) - Molecular solid e) Chloroform (CHCl₃) - Molecular solid f) Lithium oxide (Li2O) - Ionic solid

Step by step solution

01

Identify the types of elements and the bond formation

To determine the type of solid, we should first identify the types of elements involved in the given compound. This is because the types of elements can help predict the type of bond formed.
02

Classify the solids

Based on the bond formation, we can now classify the solids into four categories: molecular, metallic, ionic, and covalent-network. Now we will analyze each compound:
03

Compound a: B (Boron)

Boron is a metalloid. Metalloids usually form covalent-network solids, due to their ability to form strong covalent bonds with themselves. Therefore, solid boron is a covalent-network solid.
04

Compound b: Li (Lithium)

Lithium is an alkali metal, which usually forms metallic solids. Thus, solid lithium is a metallic solid.
05

Compound c: LiCl (Lithium chloride)

Lithium chloride is a compound formed between the alkali metal lithium and the halogen chlorine, which forms an ionic bond. Thus, LiCl is an ionic solid.
06

Compound d: C4H10O (Diethylether)

Diethylether is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. This compound has covalent bonds between the atoms and usually forms molecular solids. Therefore, diethylether is a molecular solid.
07

Compound e: CHCl₃ (Chloroform)

Chloroform is a volatile organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. These elements are bonded together through covalent bonds. Thus, chloroform is a molecular solid.
08

Compound f: Li2O (Lithium oxide)

Lithium oxide is a compound formed between the alkali metal lithium and oxygen, which forms an ionic bond. Thus, Li2O is an ionic solid. In summary, the solids can be classified as: a) Boron (B) - Covalent-network solid b) Lithium (Li) - Metallic solid c) Lithium chloride (LiCl) - Ionic solid d) Diethylether (C4H10O) - Molecular solid e) Chloroform (CHCl₃) - Molecular solid f) Lithium oxide (Li2O) - Ionic solid

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The karat scale used to describe gold alloys is based on mass percentages. (a) If an alloy is formed that is \(75 \mathrm{~mol} \%\) silver and $25 \mathrm{~mol} \%$ gold, what is the karat number of the alloy? Use Figure 12.18 to estimate the color of this alloy. (b) If an alloy is formed that is 75 mol\% copper and 25 mol\% gold, what is the karat number of the alloy? What is the color of this alloy?

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The rutile and fluorite structures, shown here (anions are colored green), are two of the most common structure types of ionic compounds where the cation to anion ratio is 1: 2 . (a) For \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{ZnF}_{2}\) use ionic radii, \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}(r=114 \mathrm{pm})\), $\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(r=88 \mathrm{pm})\(, and \)\mathrm{F}^{-}(r=119 \mathrm{pm})$, to predict which compound is more likely to crystallize with the fluorite structure and which with the rutile structure. (b) What are the coordination numbers of the cations and anions in each of these structures?

Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (a) SiC, (b) \(\mathrm{Ni}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) (d) camphor \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{16} \mathrm{O}\right)\), (e) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\).

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