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Chapter 12: Problem 42

Determine if each statement is true or false: (a) Substitutional alloys are solid solutions, but interstitial alloys are heterogenous alloys. (b) Substitutional alloys have "solute" atoms that replace "solvent" atoms in a lattice, but interstitial alloys have "solute" atoms that are in between the "solvent" atoms in a lattice. (c) The atomic radii of the atoms in a substitutional alloy are similar to each other, but in an interstitial alloy, the interstitial atoms are a lot smaller than the host lattice atoms.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The short answer is: Statement (a) is false, as both substitutional and interstitial alloys form homogeneous solid solutions. Statement (b) is true, as it correctly explains the difference in positioning of solute atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys. Statement (c) is also true, as it accurately describes the difference in atomic radii between the atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a) Analysis

A substitutional alloy is an alloy where the atoms of solute elements replace those of the solvent metal, forming a homogeneous solid solution. In an interstitial alloy, the solute atoms occupy spaces or interstices between the atoms of the solvent metal. Let's determine if statement (a) is true or false.
02

Statement (a) Determination

Substitutional alloys are solid solutions because they form a homogeneous structure where the solute atoms replace the solvent atoms. However, interstitial alloys are not heterogenous alloys, as they too form homogeneous solid solutions, with solute atoms fitting within interstices of solvent atoms. Therefore, statement (a) is false.
03

Statement (b) Analysis

Now, we'll analyze and confirm if the given information about the solute and solvent atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys is correct in statement (b).
04

Statement (b) Determination

In substitutional alloys, solute atoms replace solvent atoms in the lattice structure, forming a homogeneous solid solution. Interstitial alloys also create a homogeneous solid solution, with solute atoms positioned in the interstices or spaces between solvent atoms in the lattice structure. Therefore, statement (b) is true.
05

Statement (c) Analysis

We will now analyze statement (c), which compares the atomic radii of atoms in substitutional and interstitial alloys.
06

Statement (c) Determination

In substitutional alloys, the atomic radii of the solute and solvent atoms are quite similar, allowing the solute atoms to replace the solvent atoms in the lattice structure. However, in interstitial alloys, the interstitial or solute atoms are significantly smaller than the host lattice atoms, enabling them to fit within the interstitial spaces of the lattice structure. Hence, statement (c) is true. To summarize: Statement (a): False Statement (b): True Statement (c): True

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