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Chapter 13: Problem 35

Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) The higher the temperature, the more soluble most gases are in water. (b) The higher the temperature, the more soluble most ionic solids are in water. (c) As you cool a saturated solution from high temperature to low temperature, solids start to crystallize out of solution if you achieve a supersaturated solution. (d) If you take a saturated solution and raise its temperature, you can (usually) add more solute and make the solution even more concentrated.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False - The solubility of gases in water generally decreases with an increase in temperature. (b) True - The solubility of most ionic solids in water usually increases with an increase in temperature. (c) True - When a saturated solution cools down and becomes supersaturated, solids start to crystallize out of the solution. (d) Generally True - When the temperature increases, more solute can be added to a saturated solution to make it even more concentrated, especially for ionic solids. However, for gases, this statement is false, as their solubility decreases with increasing temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Statement (a)

The statement says that the higher the temperature, the more soluble most gases are in water. This statement is incorrect, as the solubility of gases in water generally decreases with an increase in temperature. Thus, this statement is false.
02

Statement (b)

The statement says that the higher the temperature, the more soluble most ionic solids are in water. In general, this statement is correct. When the temperature increases, the solubility of most ionic solids in water usually increases. So, this statement is true.
03

Statement (c)

The statement refers to the process of cooling a saturated solution: as temperature decreases, solids start to crystallize out of the solution if it becomes supersaturated. This statement is true. When a saturated solution cools down, its solubility decreases; this creates a supersaturated condition, where there is more solute dissolved in the solution than its solubility allows at the new lower temperature. As a result, the excess solute starts to crystallize out of the solution.
04

Statement (d)

The statement says that if the temperature of a saturated solution is raised, more solute can be added to make the solution even more concentrated. This statement is generally true, especially for ionic solids. When the temperature increases, the solubility of most ionic solids in water also increases, which means that more solute can be added to the solution before reaching saturation. However, for gases this statement would be false, as the solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.

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