Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 16: Problem 13

\(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}(g)\) react to form the ionic solid \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(s) .\) Which substance is the Brønsted-Lowry acid in this reaction? Which is the Brønsted-Lowry base?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the reaction \(\mathrm{NH}_3(g) + \mathrm{HCl}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_4\mathrm{Cl}(s)\), the Brønsted-Lowry acid is hydrogen chloride (HCl), which donates a proton, and the Brønsted-Lowry base is ammonia (NH₃), which accepts a proton.

Step by step solution

01

Recall the definitions of Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton, or hydrogen ion (H⁺), to another substance. A Brønsted-Lowry base, on the other hand, is a substance that accepts a proton, or hydrogen ion (H⁺), from another substance.
02

Write down the given reaction

The given reaction is: \[\mathrm{NH}_3(g) + \mathrm{HCl}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_4\mathrm{Cl}(s)\]
03

Identify the proton donor (Acid) and proton acceptor (Base)

In the given reaction, ammonia (NH₃) has a lone pair of electrons, which allows it to accept a hydrogen ion (proton) from hydrogen chloride (HCl). As the proton donor, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is the Brønsted-Lowry acid. Ammonia (NH₃), which accepts the proton from HCl, is the Brønsted-Lowry base. After accepting the proton, NH₃ becomes NH₄⁺, which then combines with Cl⁻ to form the ionic compound ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl).
04

State the Brønsted-Lowry acid and base for this reaction

In the reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gases to form the ionic solid ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), the Brønsted-Lowry acid is hydrogen chloride (HCl) and the Brønsted-Lowry base is ammonia (NH₃).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the molar concentration of \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) in a \(0.050 \mathrm{M}\) solution of ethylamine $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{2} ; K_{b}=6.4 \times 10^{-4}\right) .$ Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of this solution.

Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugate acid-base relationships, select the stronger base in each of the following pairs: (a) \(\mathrm{BrO}^{-}\) or \(\mathrm{ClO}^{-},(\mathbf{b}) \mathrm{BrO}^{-}\) or \(\mathrm{BrO}_{2}^{-}\), (c) \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\) or $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-}$.

Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base among the reactants in each of the following reactions: (a) $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}\right)_{3}(s)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons$ $$ \left[\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+}(a q)+3 \mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}(a q) $$ (b) $\mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)$ (c) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{~N}(g)+\mathrm{BF}_{3}(g) \rightleftharpoons\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NBF}_{3}(s)$ (d) $\mathrm{HIO}(l q)+\mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}(l q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{NH}_{3}(l q)+\mathrm{IO}^{-}(l q)$ (lg denotes liquid ammonia as solvent)

(a) Write an equation for the react ion in which \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q)\) acts as a base in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) .(\mathbf{b})\) Write an equation for the reaction in which \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q)\) acts as an acid in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(I) \cdot(\mathbf{c})\) What is the conjugate acid of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}(a q) ?\) What is its conjugate base?

Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugate acid-base relationships, select the stronger base in each of the following pairs: (a) \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) or \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-},\) (b) \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\) or \(\mathrm{AsO}_{4}^{3-}\), (c) \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) or \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\).
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free