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Chapter 16: Problem 17

Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid and the Brønsted-Lowry base on the left side of each of the following equations, and also identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each on the right side: (a) $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{CN}^{-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{HCN}(a q)+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)$ (b) $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{~N}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons$ $$ \left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) $$ (c) \(\mathrm{HCOOH}(a q)+\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons\) $$ \mathrm{HCOO}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}(a q) $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
For the given reactions: (a) Acid: \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\), Base: \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\), Conjugate Acid: \(\mathrm{HCN}\), Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\). (b) Acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\), Base: \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{N}\), Conjugate Acid: \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\), Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\). (c) Acid: \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\), Base: \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\), Conjugate Acid: \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\), Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{HCOO}^{-}\).

Step by step solution

01

Identify Acid and Base on left side

In this reaction, the species on the left side are \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\). Since \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) is a proton donor and \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\) is a proton acceptor, we have: - Acid: \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) - Base: \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\)
02

Identify Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base on the right side

The species on the right side are \(\mathrm{HCN}\) and \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\). After the proton transfer, we have: - Conjugate Acid: \(\mathrm{HCN}\) - Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) (b) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{N}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)\)
03

Identify Acid and Base on left side

In this reaction, the species on the left side are \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{N}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\). Since \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{N}\) is a proton acceptor and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\) is a proton donor, we have: - Acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\) - Base: \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{N}\)
04

Identify Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base on the right side

The species on the right side are \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\). After the proton transfer, we have: - Conjugate Acid: \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{+}\) - Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HCOOH}(a q)+\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}(a q) \rightleftharpoons\mathrm{HCOO}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)
05

Identify Acid and Base on left side

In this reaction, the species on the left side are \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\) and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\). Since \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\) is a proton donor and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\) is a proton acceptor, we have: - Acid: \(\mathrm{HCOOH}\) - Base: \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\)
06

Identify Conjugate Acid and Conjugate Base on the right side

The species on the right side are \(\mathrm{HCOO}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\). After the proton transfer, we have: - Conjugate Acid: \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\) - Conjugate Base: \(\mathrm{HCOO}^{-}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Which of the following is the stronger Brønsted-Lowry acid, \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2} ?\) (b) Which is the stronger Brønsted-

Ammonia, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\), acts as an Arrhenius base, a Brønsted-Lowry base, and a Lewis base, in aqueous solution. Write out the reaction \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) undergoes with water and explain what properties of ammonia correspond to each of the three definitions of "base."

Codeine \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{21} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)\) is a weak organic base. A \(5.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M}\) solution of codeine has a pH of 9.95. Calculate the value of \(K_{b}\) for this substance. What is the \(\mathrm{p} K_{b}\) for this base?

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